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BBC SUPERHUMAN
Ex 2 Give the four forms of the following verbs.
hear, see, rise, raise, throw, run, spend, put, cut, begin, hurry, cry, wrap, go, get, lie (ëĺćŕňü), lie (ëăŕňü).
Ex 3 Make up five groups of three words associated in meaning or area of usage.
Ex 4 In the following groups of words, pick out the word which, in your opinion, is the most general in meaning.
(a) literature, dance, sculpture, painting, art, architecture, music. (b) water colour, still life, battle scene, religious work, icon, portrait, picture, landscape, seascape, genre painting, historical painting, miniature, animal picture, self-portrait. (c) painter, composer, sculptor, writer, dramatist, poet, dancer, musician, artist, actor, actress, opera singer, playwright. (d) height, width, dimension, breadth, length.
Ex 5 Change the meaning of the sentences to the opposite by adding the negative prefix 'un-' to the words in bold type, and making other necessary changes. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. It was very kind of you to come to see us off. We had so many pieces of luggage. 2. That is a rather usual way to begin a conversation with a stranger. 3. She was quite prepared for what she found on her return home. 4. In the silence of the night I heard hurried steps under my window. 5. It's so like him to give a promise and never keep it. 6. We were told that it was safe to cross the river in that place. 7. When I finished speaking he made an important remark. 8. She is quite able to do without outside help. 9. I believe these changes to be necessary. 10. He felt well that day and enjoyed the long country walk. 11. There was something pleasant in the way she spoke and laughed.
Ex 6 Paraphrase the sentences, using the negative prefix 'un-' with the words in bold type and phrases without changing the meaning of the sentences.
1. His first picture was never finished, death interrupted the artist's work. 2. On her desk the secretary found some letters that were not answered yet. 3. I hope my absence from last night's meeting wasn't noticed. 4. We didn't expect him to return two days before the time. It came as a surprise to all of us. 5. It was a wonder that after all these years the picture was not spoiled. 6. She was not prepared to answer the interviewer's questions.
Ex 7 Translate the following sentences into English, using a different phrasal verb in each.
Ex 8 Fill in the blanks with 'rise' or 'raise'.
1. The lift — slowly to the top floor. 2. When the visitor — to go, I — from my chair, too. 3. As they watched the game, the excitement — . 4. When she entered the office he did not even — his head and continued working. 5. When the moon — we could continue our way. 6. Don't — your voice speaking to the child. 7. As he passed by he — his hat to greet me. 8. His voice — in excitement. 9. The question was — at our last meeting. 10. In capitalist countries they often — the prices without — the wages. 11. He — very early that morning.
Ex 9 Fill in the blanks with 'finish' or 'end' according to the sense.
1. He — his picture just in time for the show. 2. She — the letter with the following words: "Good-bye for now." 3. He — school the year the war —. 4. The book — happily. 5. The meeting — at 7:30 and a concert followed immediately after. 6. Where does the road —? 7. For dinner we had meat with vegetables and some fruit to —. 8. All is well that — well.
Ex 10 Fill in the blanks with 'offer' or 'suggest'.
1. My neighbour — to take us to the station in his car. 2. I — that you shouldn't buy cheap things: they don't last. 3. That is my final price, I can't — you more. 4. The monitor — that we raise this question at the next meeting. 5. The boy was so eager to see the show that I — my ticket to him. 6. He — that we shouldn't break the news to Mother yet: it will upset her. 7. She was free that day and — to help me with the arrangements for the party. 8. I know, he won't sell the canvas even if he — a very high price. 9. Who — the plan?
Ĺő 13 Study the following prepositional phrases and (a) recall the sentences in which they are used in the text; (b) use them in sentences of your own.
on the door; walk in/out; in the (shop) window; hear of sb/sth; be for sale; rise from a chair (sofa, etc); out of/in the way; run (hurry, come) up to sb/sth; sell sth to sb; take sth out of the shop window (bag pocket, etc); with interest; cut off; wrap in paper; hand sth to sb; under one's arm; on the counter; go away; get money for sth.
Ex 14 Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs wherever necessary.
(A) 1. The next morning when the mail came, he looked — the papers but there was no mention — the incident — them. 2. Do you — any chance remember her telephone number? 3. His father chose the best art school — the boy and spent lots — money — his education. 4. Wrap the matches — oil paper if you want to keep them dry when camping out. 5. You mustn't decide anything — a hurry, — course, but if you wait much longer, you may not get another chance like that. 6. No wonder you have a headache, that's what comes of lying — the sun — hours. 7. Can I have your text-book — a moment, there are several pages missing — mine. 8. Early — the morning the hunter left his log cabin with the gun — his arm and the dog walking — him. 9. Goods — shop windows are almost never sold, but if they are, they are sold — lower prices. 10. You haven't mentioned the news — anybody yet, or have you? 11. She cut — a big piece (slice) — bread, put butter — it and handed it — the boy. 12. Will you please step — — my way and let me pass. 13. When they came — — the shop they saw a note — the door saying "Closed". 14. He got quite a bit — money — his first book of poems but spent it all — something worthless, I forget what exactly it was. 15. He saw a group — small children stop — the shop window and look — interest — the toys — it. 16. I don't advise you to argue — him — it, he knows the subject much better than you do. 17. She was quite unprepared — the surprise their unexpected arrival gave her. 18. — my mind the idea — the sentence is quite clear; read it again and you will see. 19. Everybody liked the arrangement and they quickly came — an agreement. 20. The art dealer was quite prepared to sell the picture — 20 pounds which we found cheap — the price.
(B) The girls went — the street and came — — the shop window. They stood looking — the only thing — the window, — a double rope of pearls. "What do you think is the price — those pearls?" Annabel said. "Oh, I don't know, I wonder if they are — sale," Midge answered. "Go — and ask the price," Annabel said. "Well," Midge said. "But you've got to come too." They walked — the shop and a clerk came — — them. "It so happened that my friend and myself were passing — your shop," Midge started. "And we were wondering how much are those pearls you've got — your window." "Ah, yes," the clerk said. "The double rope. That is two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, Madam." "I see," Midge said. "Would you like to look — it?" "No, thank you. We were just passing —." The clerk opened the door — them and they walked — — the shop. They were silent and their eyes were cloudy. As they walked — — the street Midge said: "Two hundred fifty thousand! That's a quarter — a million! Have you ever heard — anything like that!" (After "The Standard of Living" by Dorothy Parker)
Ex 15 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word. Use the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
spoil (3), spend (2), interrupt (2), hurry u, n; admire, admiration, prepare (2), afford, miss v (2), lie v (3), rise v, raise (2), cut v, mention v, art, price (2), expensive, chance (2)
1. I was eager to say my word in the general discussion but they never gave me a —, they were — me all the time. 2. The sandwiches were — and — on the plate. Now she could start making the tea. She had her own special way of — it. 3. There was no hope of agreement. Hours were — in useless talk. 4. His temperature suddenly —. He was told to — down and keep the bed for some days. 5. We all — the way the girl stopped the argument without even — her voice. 6. I fully agree with you that as a book it is quite worthless, but it was made into a beautiful film, a real work of —. 7. The plan was discussed and agreed upon last week. Nothing can be changed, so why — the question again? 8 Somebody pushed him and the coffee was all over his shirt. The shirt was — so was the tie. 9. The post office stands at the corner of the street, you can't — it. 10. The bell gave a loud ring and she — out of the room to answer the door. 11. The — was too high. I couldn't — such an — camera at the moment. Well, I would have to do without it a little longer. 12. The painter was spoken of with —. 13. My friend had clearly left in a —. His things were — all over the room. 14. It was a wonderful — and I didn't want to — it. 15. Too much salt will — any dish. 16. The dress was very pretty and cheap at the — too, but she had already — a lot of money on herself as it was. 17. The vacation was — for them by the heavy rains. They weren't at all — for such weather. 18. Don t you know it's bad manners to — people? 19. The incident was spoken of in a general way. No names were —.
Ex 16 Replace the Russian words and phrases by suitable English equivalents in the correct form. Retell and discuss the story.
* «Ćŕćäŕ ćčçíč»
BBC SUPERHUMAN
BBC SUPERHUMAN PART 1 TRAUMA Useful expressions: 1. To make great discoveries at a breathtaking rate 2. To go way beyond something 3. In contrast to 4. To do something for the first time in history 5. To be starkly revealed 6. To outstrip something 7. To be faced with endless questions 8. To be discovered, addressed and hopefully ruled out (about a problem) 9. A massive problem 10. To run wild (about an epidemic) 11. In a fraction of a second 12. To be in a bad way 13. To be sensitive to something 14. To take something for granted 15. To race against the clock / a race against the clock 16. To make precise decisions 17. To have serious consequences 18. To be ready to vary one’s game plan 19. To go through some revolutionary changes 20. To have an unlimited supply of something 21. To do more harm than good 22. To be given a chance to work 23. To be questioned 24. To slow something down 25. To set off a dangerous chain reaction 26. To be traced back to 27. To wear off (about the effect of something) 28. To take something to an extreme 29. In theory 30. To change somebody’s look on life 31. To be out of danger Expressions and word combinations used to speak about the human body: 1. The most stunning piece of engineering 2. Untold powers to heal and renew 3. To evolve defenses to fight back 4. Innate powers 5. The body’s standard way of coping with injuries 6. The increased understanding of the ways the human body tries to preserve itself 7. The thing the body tries to preserve almost above anything 8. To cope with large blood losses 9. The way that the body responds to bleeding is by forming a clot. 10. Not to upset the mechanism which is centuries old 11. To be flooded with adrenalin 12. As far as our bodies are concerned we are still just animals fighting for survival, struggling to escape and find a safe place to hide. 13. To release a surge of painkilling hormones 14. to start a long process of self-repair 15. To work in harmony with the body 16. To let the body heal itself 17. To be in an incredibly fragile state 18. To have some physiological reserves 19. To be injured beyond the point of self-repair 20. To be well beyond the body’s ability to heal itself 21. to be in a state of confusion 22. to constrict and redirect the blood flow 23. the lungs work to capture as much oxygen as possible 24. to make a remarkable (extraordinary) recovery Expressions connected with speaking about trauma: 1. Trauma medicine 2. Treatment of injury 3. The number one public health issue 4. Trauma team 5. Trauma surgeon 6. Paramedic 7. To be rushed to hospital as a result of trauma 8. To suffer horrendous( horrific, massive, intensive, multiple) injuries 9. To be the cutting edge of trauma medicine Injuries and patients’ state: 1. To show classic symptoms of traumatic shock 2. To be confused and aggressive 3. To suffer permanent brain damage 4. Internal injury (bleeding) 5. A massive head injury 6. To die off 7. A broken neck 8. A fractured skull 9. A huge bleed in the abdomen 10. To fail (about some organ) 11. Multiple organ failure 12. To overreact to trauma 13. To have a tear in one’s liver 14. To be broken in 6 places 15. To have severe injuries into the pelvis 16. To puncture the lungs 17. To bruise the kidneys 18. To erupt the spine Words and expressions to speak about the things that doctors use and do: 1. To do something with the help of technology like X-ray and ultrasound 2. To go through the standard response 3. To follow three life-saving principles 4. To try and correct something by doing something 5. To replace lost blood and rise blood pressure 6. To be very difficult (about medical circumstances) 7. To make a brave decision 8. To try a radically new treatment 9. Damage control procedure 10. To do the bare minimum necessary to keep the patient alive 11. To reconstruct 12. To sew somebody up 13. To be given an experimental drug 14. To be kept in an intensive care unit Expressions used to talk about a car crash: 1. To be in a traffic accident 2. To survive one’s trauma without any serious consequences 3. A number one cause of deaths 4. To crash headlong into a bus 5. To be injured in a car crash 6. To collide with a bus 7. To be removed from the car Answer the following questions: 1. What has remained unchanged over centuries in contrast to everything else in our lives? 2. What outstrips heart disease, stroke and cancer combined? 3. What is the body’s standard way of coping with its injuries? 4. What are the three life- saving principles that the trauma team follow? 5. What organ is particularly sensitive to even a short while without oxygen? 6. What does our body try to preserve above anything else after an injury? Why? 7. What had always been the standard medical response to a situation in which a person had a massive loss of blood, before doctors started to question that method? 8. How does the body respond to bleeding? 9. Why can cold be a life saver? 10. What does damage control procedure involve? 11. Why do many patients die within 2-3 weeks in intensive care units after their operations ? What can help them to be out of danger? 12. What can be called the revolutionary change in modern medicine?
BBC SUPERHUMAN PART 2 Spare parts Useful expressions: 1. To enable somebody to do something 2. A well-oiled machine 3. To have an advantage 4. In principle 5. To overcome a problem 6. To be tricky 7. To run very close to something 8. To reduce the chance of something happening 9. A warning system 10. To emerge into the world 11. To relate something to something 12. Crude 13. To report something 14. Compared to 15. It’s early days yet 16. A mismatch between expectations and reality 17. To go bananas 18. Feedback 19. To compete with 20. Versatile 21. Sophisticated 22. To choose something in preference to something 23. To live on the outskirts 24. To be familiar with 25. To be too well aware of 26. To be involved in something 27. To wake up to something 28. Overwhelmed 29. To be at peace with oneself 30. To be a hard thing to accept 31. To be content with something 32. When it comes to… 33. Miracle 34. To be programmed to behave somehow 35. To be well worth something 36. To leave somebody with mixed emotions 37. Immediate reaction 38. To reconsider something 39. The risks outweigh the benefits 40. Inevitable 41. To come to terms with something 42. A good start 43. To look very different 44. Controversial 45. To benefit in the race 46. To be routinely available Expressions for the topic “Medicine”: 1. To lose one’s limb in an accident 2. Artificial leg / arm 3. To be a science fiction vision of something 4. Transplanted hand 5. To match the incredible complexity of a human body 6. To get a severe hearing loss 7. Auditory nerve 8. Cochlea 9. Bionic replacement 10. To be accidentally damaged 11. To be paralysed for the rest of one’s life 12. To insert an implant 13. To drill a hole 14. To treat certain types of deafness 15. Eyeball 16. Retina 17. To replace the damaged cells with an electronic chip 18. To be routinely available 19. To have one of the most advanced artificial arms in the world 20. Carbon fibre 21. To be attached to the body 22. Robotic arm 23. A sense of touch 24. Nerve receptor 25. Hand transplant patient 26. Hyperacute rejection 27. To make a miraculous recovery 28. To have serious side effects 29. To carry out a hand- transplant 30. Donor hand 31. To connect arteries, veins, tendons and nerves 32. Tissue 33. To do something to a limited degree 34. To be handicapped 35. To lose all sensation 36. To be indicators of something 37. The risks include +noun 38. To keep the immune system suppressed 39. A major supply of human organs 40. Operating theatre 41. To volunteer for an experiment 42. To have something injected into someone’s brain 43. Foetus 44. Foetal 45. To coat something with something 46. To recognize something as foreign Questions 1. What is human body often compared to? What advantage do machines have in comparison with it? What idea seems to be very seductive ? Can it easily be fulfilled? 2. What normally happens when a sound enters the ear? What can be the solution for deaf people? Why can operations be tricky? What does the brain nerve have to learn after the cochlea implant is switched on? How long does the implant stay in its place? 3. Is it possible to cure certain types of blindness with the help of bionics? Are the experts optimistic about the problem? 4. What causes mismatches between the expectations and reality about bionic arms? How does a robotic arm work? What does a person have to do to use the arm? What does the robotic arm have to try to match? 5. What is hyperacute rejection? Why is it considered to be a very serious problem? What are the ways of suppressing it? Are they absolutely safe for the patient? 6. What steps does the arm transplant operation involve? 7. Are all the patients always content with their arm transplants? Why? 8. What organs can be transplanted?How does a person’s appearance change after a heart transplant operation? 9. What is one of the most controversial ways of coping with the shortage of human organs?What difficulties does it involve? Have the doctors started transplanting pig parts into humans? 10. What made Jim Finn volunteer for the operation of injecting pig cells into his brain? What kind of pig cells were used for the operation? What do doctors do to help the pig cells be accepted by the organism? 11. What race is now on? Who should win it for the people to benefit?
BBC SUPERHUMAN PART 3 Self-repair Useful expressions: 1. In other words 2. When/as the need arises 3. To have no other options left 4. To respond to sudden demands 5. Ultimate aim Expressions for the topic” Medicine”: 1. A wonderful ability to regenerate 2. To match something 3. To regrow missing or damaged parts 4. To harness new knowledge to help the body repair itself 5. Embryo 6. Blood vessels 7. Tissue engineers 8. To repair damage done by terrible diseases and the worst kind of accidents 9. To collapse 10. Vertebra 11. To shatter completely 12. Spinal cord 13. To paralyze the limbs 14. Advanced medical care 15. To carry signals between brain and limbs 16. To fuse 17. To heal 18. Expert of self-repair 19. To have some improvement in one’s condition 20. Back to normal 21. The power of healing 22. To get steadily worse 23. A severe cramp 24. Angina 25. To have heart bypass operation 26. To encourage the growth of 27. To become a guinea-pig for some experiment 28. Raw material 29. To circumcise 30. Internal body parts 31. 3 dimensional 32. To fit together perfectly 33. To be seeded with living cells 34. Bladder 35. Ingenious combination of materials 36. To revert to an earlier form 37. Stem cells 38. Stroke 39. Permanently damaged 40. To return to normal movement 41. At a very early stage 42. To apply the same technology successfully to human 43. To be amazed by the extent of somebody’s recovery 44. To be confined to a wheelchair Answer the questions: 1. What cannot a human body do for all its sophistication? 2. What have doctors started to learn? 3. What happened to Penny Roger’s body when she hit the ground? 4. What saved her life? What cannot be fixed in her body? 5. What is crucial if the body is to move with speed and precision? 6. What is spinal cord? 7. Who are the real experts of self-repair? 8. At what age can people do the same? 9. Do we lose this ability completely when we get older? 10. How much tissue do people replace during their life? 11. What made Charles and Roger become guinea-pigs for a very daring experiment? 12. What was the aim of the operation? 13. What is the area in which the creation of new tissue is a great success? 14. Why is it far easier to grow flat pieces of skin than to grow body parts? 15. How did some tissue engineers manage to grow an ear on the back of the mouse? 16. What organ did the scientists try to make and why? 17. Why is it impossible to grow a spinal cord? 18. How does a salamander regrow a new limb? 19. Do people contain any cells of this kind? What can they help us to do? 20. What can the process of regrowing a rat’s spinal cord be compared to? 21. What were the ingredients for regrowing the spinal cord? 22. What possibilities do these experiments give to people?
BBC SUPERHUMAN PART 4 THE ENEMY WITHIN New words: 1. To lead to a discovery 2. To cast a new light on something 3. Worldwide 4. To combat a disease 5. To exploit 6. To take a first- hand look at advances in cancer treatment 7. To undergo gene therapy 8. To search for a miracle 9. Conventional treatment 10. To cut out 11. To spread into 12. Chemotherapy 13. To volunteer to try an experimental drug 14. To be aimed at combating the disease 15. To be based on something 16. To be tested as potential drugs 17. False lead 18. Dead end 19. Bush willow 20. Minute 21. To be about to do 22. To reduce the blood supply 23. To be encouraging 24. To deprive 25. Free radicals 26. To develop novel ways to attack advanced cancers 27. To irritate delicate tissue 28. Exposure to 29. To trigger something 30. To refuse to give up 31. To pin one’s hopes on 32. To only give temporary relief 33. Cancerous growth 34. Lifespan 35. To set off an unstoppable chain reaction 36. DNA 37. To get to the heart of 38. Emergency room 39. To be unlikely to harm somebody 40. Early trial 41. To go through gene therapy trial 42. Time-bomb 43. To be in one’s infancy 44. To survive a fatal disease 45. A waiting list 46. To rule something out completely 47. To progress (about a tumour) 48. The moment of truth 49. To maintain something 50. To look dramatically different 51. To make a breakthrough 52. To spot something 53. To be vulnerable to 54. To have high rates of 55. To develop a disease 56. To take a blood sample 57. To lack (a crucial repair gene) 58. A preventive measure 59. To help early detection 60. To improve chances of survival 61. A rapidly growing threat 62. Somebody’s prospects 63. Literally 64. To opt for something 65. To delude oneself 66. Scan 67. To tame a disease Questions: 1. Why do many anti-cancer drugs that work in laboratory fail on people? 2. What triggers cancer? What can speed up the release of free radicals? What do they do to the organism? How can people slow the free-radicals damage down? Can the change of diet help once the tumour takes hold and begins to grow? 3. Does gene therapy give any guarantees? How does it work? 4. What’s the point of injecting a drug derived from the African bush willow into a patient’s cancer? 5. Why have the Icelanders been so badly hit by some kinds of cancer? 6. What does a cancer vaccine consist of? How does it work? Is it suitable for any kind of treatment? What are the benefits of undergoing such treatment?
Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1443
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