Phonetic drills. Practise reading the words.

alimentary canal [,æli’mentəri k ’næl], gut [gΛt], digest [di’d3est], extract [iks’trækt], expel [iks’pel], abdomen [‘æbdəmen], abdominal [æb’d minl], gastrointestinal tract [,gæstrəuin’testinl ‘trækt], lower gastrointestinal tract [‘louə ,gæstrəuin’testinl ‘trækt], mouth [mauθ], cavity [‘kæviti], salivary [‘sælivəri], mucosa [mju’kousə], tongue [tΛŋ], pharynx [‘færiŋks], esophagus [i:’s :fəgəs], stomach [‘stΛmək], digestion [di’d3est∫ən], environment [in’vaiərənmənt], secrete [si’kri:t], intestine [in’testin], duodenum [,djuo’di:nəm], jejunum [d3i’d3u:nəm], ileum [‘iliəm], caecum [‘si:kəm], colon [‘koulən], ascending colon [ə’sendiŋ ‘koulən], transverse colon [‘trænzv :s ‘koulən], descending colon [di’sendiŋ ‘koulən], sigmoid flexure [‘sigmoid ‘flek∫ə], rectum [‘rektəm], anus [‘einəs], esophagitis [i,s fə’d3aitis], cancer [‘kænsə], gastritis [gæs’traitis], ulcer disease [‘Λlsə ‘di’zi:z], proctitis [pr k’taitis]

2. Make a report on the gastrointestinal tract according to the plan below:

Definition:the GI tract, the alimentary canal or the gut.

Functions: first(ly)to take in food; second((ly), to digest food; third(ly), to extract energy and nutrients; fourth(ly), to expel the remaining waste.

Location: in the upper and lower chest, and the abdomen.

Structure: the upper gastrointestinal tract and the lower gastrointestinal tract.

The upper gastrointestinal tract:

the mouth (the cavity; the salivary glands, mucosa, the teeth and the tongue), the pharynx, the esophagus, and the stomach.

The stomach: a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ; is involved in the second phase of digestion; has a highly acidic environment; produces and secretes about 2 to 3 liters of gastric acid per day.

The lower gastrointestinal tract: first(ly), the small intestine and second(ly), the large intestine.

The small intestine: the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum

The large intestine: the caecum, the colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon), the rectum, and the anus.

Length: approximately 7.5 meters (25 feet).

The most common diseases: esophagitis, esophagus cancer, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), stomach perforation, stomach cancer, gastroenteritis, enteritis, duodenitis, colitis, colon cancer, proctitis, rectum cancer.

3. Reading and Speaking:pp.192-194, ex. 1-6.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 603