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The structure of the word in OE, its previous and subsequent stages.

Specific morphological structure of the word: root and ending. In IE – root, stem suffix and ending, Germanic - root and ending, ME - root and ending, Mod Eng - root and ending.

Ex: Lat. Dom-u-s (IE), sun-u (OE).

Development of Vowels in OE. (p. 47)

Comparing OE system of vowels with IE and Protogermanic we can arrive at a conclusion that the system of vowels in OE changed: in IE there were 10 monophthongs, in PG – 8, in OE – 15, there appeared 5 new phonemes (t. 32). If we compare PG diphthongs with OE, it could possible to say that in OE all the diphthongs are new. At least so the 8 diphtongs look at first sight. New phonemes appeared due to different phonetic processes. Some of them were reflected in PG: the Common Germanic Fracture and The Common Germanic Vowel Shift. Other processes: i-Umlaut, splitting, breaking, palatal mutation before x’, diphthongization due to initial palatal consonant, back mutation, contraction (t. 34)

Assimilative Process in OE vocalism and their traces in Mod E.

Assimilative changes are the changes that occurred in the language in specific surroundings – the sound might change when in was preceded or followed by some other sound. In OE:

· Breaking (the process of formation of a short diphthong from a simple short vowel when it is followed by a specific consonant cluster)

· Palatal mutation (i-umlaut – back sound o or a changes its quality if there is a front sound in the next syllable)

· Diphthongization due to initial palatal consonant (after sk’, k’, j)

· Back mutation (the syllable that influenced the preceding vowel contained a back vowel o or u)

· Mutation before h

Conraction

The OE vowel system. Phonological process in OE and their traces in ME (OE Breaking, Velar Umlaut, I-Umlaut, Palatal Diphthongization).

Comparing OE system of vowels with IE and Protogermanic we can arrive at a conclusion that the system of vowels in OE changed: in IE there were 10 monophthongs, in PG – 8, in OE – 15, there appeared 5 new phonemes (t. 32). If we compare PG diphthongs with OE, it could possible to say that in OE all the diphthongs are new. At least so the 8 diphtongs look at first sight. New phonemes appeared due to different phonetic processes. Some of them were reflected in PG: the Common Germanic Fracture and The Common Germanic Vowel Shift. Other processes: i-Umlaut, splitting, breaking, palatal mutation before x’, diphthongization due to initial palatal consonant, back mutation, contraction.

· Breaking (the process of formation of a short diphthong from a simple short vowel when it is followed by a specific consonant cluster: hard>heard, arm>earm, half>healf, erl>eorl)

· Palatal mutation (i-umlaut – back sound o or a changes its quality if there is a front sound in the next syllable: sandian>sendan; ofstian>efstan)

· Back mutation (the syllable that influenced the preceding vowel contained a back vowel o or u: hira>hiora, herot>heorot) = velar mutation

Diphthongization due to initial palatal consonant (in OE after palatal consonants sk’, k’, j: skal>sceal


Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1299


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