The 3d stressed syllable from the end

Stress in derivatives

Stress in a derivative may remain the same as in the word from which it was derived, or change in a certain way.

The same stress:deNY (verb) - deNIal (noun)

Shift of stress: preSENT (verb) - PRESent (noun)

There are many two-syllable words in English whose stress changes depending on meaning and class. For two-syllable words used as both nouns and verbs, stress nouns on the first syllable, and verbs on the second syllable.

examples: to present(verb) – a present (noun)

There are words which are similar but have different stress patterns depending on the part of speech:

O o

equal

final

O O oo

equality

finality

O o o

equalise

Finalise

O o o O o

equalisation

finalisation

When other parts of speech are derived from nouns and verbs, typical patterns of stress are:

Adjectives are usually stressed on the first syllable or repeat the stress of the nouns from which they were derived, for example, fate (noun) - FATal (adjective). But stress may change in longer derivative adjectives, for example, METal (noun) - meTALlic (adjective).

Adverbs are usually stressed on the first syllable or repeat the stress of the adjectives from which they were derived, e.g. ANgry - ANgrily, WONderful - WONderfully, FOOLish - FOOLishly, athLETic - athLETically.

Gerunds and participles repeat the stress of the verbs from which they were formed, for example, forGET - forGETting - forGOTten, CANcel - CANceling – CANceled.

Here are some general tendencies for word stress in English:

The 2^nd stressed syllable from the end

The 3d stressed syllable from the end

Compound words (words with two parts)

There exist some disyllabic English words in which both syllables have strong stress. Such are compound nouns (^|wee^\kend), compound adjectives (^|kind-^\hearted), compound numerals (^|fif^\teen), phrasal verbs (^|get ^\up), etc. They are said to be double-stressed. There stress is subject to rhythmical variations in a sentence. The stress of double-stressed words is very often modified in sentences. The first of the stressed syllables is likely to lose its stress when closely preceded by another stressed syllable; similarly the second of the stressed syllables is likely to lose its stress when closely followed by another stressed syllables.

e.g.: He is ^|good-natured ^\person.

The ^|man is good-^\natured.

Word stress Quiz

1. Divide the pairs of word into two groups:

offend (verb) - offence (noun)

extract (v) - extract (n)

deny (v) - denial (noun)

review (noun) - review (v)

product (n) – produce (v)

refer (v) - reference (noun)

decide (v) – decision (n)

increase (v) - increase (noun)

vary (v) – various (adj)

preview (noun) - preview (v)

portray (v) – portrayal (n)

object (noun) - object (v)

hospital (noun) - hospitalize (v)

present (v) - present (noun)

2. Read and translate the sentences. Decide which of the identical words is a verb and which is a noun:

A)

1. The farm was used to produce produce.

2. The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.

3. The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.

4. Since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present.

5. I did not object to the object.

6. The insurance was invalid for the invalid.

7. I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.

8. The bank recorded a new record yesterday.

9. He presented his wife with a beautiful present.

10. They're conducting a study into his conduct.

11. The suspect was suspected of robbing the bank.

12. The desert is so dry that it is usually deserted.

Date: 2015-12-18; view: 2215