S Y S T E M S O F T H E B O D Y

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

muscular ['mΛskjulə], circulatory ['sə:kjulətəri], digestive [di'dƷstiv] respiratory [ris'paiərətəri], urinary ['juərinəri], associate [ə'səu∫ieit], blood [blΛd], nitrogenous [ nai'trכdƷinəs], urethra[juə'ri:θrə], dioxide [dai'כrsaid]

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations:

Reproductory system, digestive system, cellular wastes, spinal cord, all necessary means, blood stream, associated glands, nitrogenous wastes, throughout the body

Exercise 4. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice:

1. The blood is pumped through the blood vessels.

2. Special substances required by cells are carried by the blood stream.

3. The urine is stored in the urinary bladder.

4. A large number of activities is regulated by the endocrine system.

5. The urine is discharged through the urethra.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

SYSTEMS OF THE BODY

There are nine main systems of the body: the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the circulatory, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.

The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages, which join them. The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.

The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures. The main function of this system is to move us about.

The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors. It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing, and communicating information.

The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood, which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart. Its function is chiefly that of transportation system: the nutrients, oxygen, and special substances which are required by cells are carried by the blood stream; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the blood stream.

The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.

The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures. Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream, and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood: the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.

The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body which produce regulatory substances called hormones. The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.

Post-text assignments

Exercise 6. Answer the questions.

1. What is the function of the skeletal system?

2. What is the function of the muscular systems?

3. What is carried by the blood-stream?

4. What is the function of the respiratory system?

5. What does the endocrine system serve for?

6. Where are the hormones produced?

Exercise 7. Agree or contradict the following:

1.The skeletal system serves to move us about.

2. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the kidneys and blood vessels.

3. The main function of the respiratory system is to convey oxygen to the lungs.

4. The endocrine system consists of a number of vessels.

5. The urine is stored in the urinary bladder.

Exercise 9. Make the sentences interrogative:

1. The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.

2. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and associated structures.

3. The cellular wastes are carried away by the blood stream.

4. There are 9 main systems in the body.

5. The endocrine system serves to regulate various activities.

Exercise 10. Make the sentences negative:

1. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood.

2. The nutrients, oxygen and special substances are carried by the blood stream.

3. The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.

4. The air can enter the blood stream.

5. The urine is stored in the bladder.

Exercise 11. escribe in English what is:

a) urine

b) nutrients

c) lungs

d) carbon dioxide

Exercise 12. Remember the symptoms. Match the following symptoms of disease with their definitions.

1. rash a. difficult or infrequent emptying of the bowels

2. constipation b. weariness from bodily or mental exertion

3. diarrhea c. feeling as if everything were turning round

4. dizziness d. a burning sensation in the stomach from indigestion

5. fatigue e. feeling of sickness as caused by bad food

6. fever f. inability to sleep

7. heartburn g. patch of tiny red spots on the skin

8. inflammation.. h. a redness and swelling attended with heat, pain

9. insomnia i. yellowness of the skin and the whites of the eyes

10. jaundice j. too frequent and too watery emptying of the bowels

11. nausea k. condition of the body with temperature higher than

usual

TEST

1. The chief function of the skeletal system is … .

a) reproductive

b) respiratory

c) structural

d) motor

e) excretory

2. The main function of the respiratory system is to convey … to the lungs.

a) hydrogen

b) calcium

c) carbon

d) oxygen

e) carbon dioxide

3. The main function of the muscular system is … the body.

a) to rotate

b) to lay down

c) to rise

d) to straighten

e) to move

4. There are … main systems of the body.

a) five

b) six

c) seven

d) eight

e) nine

5. The nutrients, oxygen and special substances required by cells are carried out by the … .

a) lymph

b) cytoplasm

c) blood stream

d) digestive system

e) alimentary canal

6.Two kidney produce … by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood.

a) lipids

b) urine

c) carbohydrates

d) proteins

e) insulin

7. The endocrine system produces regulatory substances called … .

a) lipids

b) urine

c) carbohydrates

d) hormones

e) proteins

8. The urine is stored in the … .

a) kidneys

b) ureter

c) bladder

d) urethra

e) intestines

9. The two ureters convey the urine … from the kidneys.

a) into

b) out of

c) out

d) for

e) away

10. The nervous systems is a complex information system … all necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.

a) of

b) with

c) by

d) at

e) to

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1262