Fairly, rather, quite, hardly etc.

Fairly and rather

A Both can mean 'moderately', but fairlyis chiefly used with 'favourable adjectives and adverbs (bravely, good, nice, well etc.), while ratheris chiefly used in this sense before 'unfavourable' adjectives and adverbs (bad, stupidly, ugly etc.):

Tom is fairly clever, but Peter is rather stupid.

I walk fairly fast but Ann walks rather slowly. Both can be used similarly with participles:

He was fairly relaxed; she was rather tense.

a fairly interesting film a rather boring book

The indefinite article, if required, precedes fairlybut can come before or after rather:

a fairly light box a rather heavy box/rather a heavy box With adjectives/adverbs such as fast, slow, thin, thick, hot, cold etc., which are not in themselves either 'favourable' or 'unfavourable', the speaker can express approval by using fairlyand disapproval by using

rather:This soup is fairly hot implies that the speaker likes hot soup, while This soup is rather hot implies that it is a little too hot for him.

B rathercan be used before alike, like, similar, different etc. and before comparatives. It then means 'a little' or 'slightly':

Siamese cats are rather like dogs in some ways.

The weather was rather worse than I had expected. rather ais possible with certain nouns: disappointment, disadvantage, nuisance, pity, shame and sometimes joke:

It's rather a nuisance (= a little inconvenient) that we can't

park here.

It's rather a shame (= a little unfair) that he has to work on

Sundays. fairlycannot be used in these ways.

C rathercan be used before certain 'favourable' adjectives/adverbs such as amusing, clever, good, pretty, well but its meaning then changes; it becomes nearly equivalent to very,and the idea of disapproval vanishes: She is rather clever is nearly the same as She is very clever. ratherused in this way is obviously much more complimentary than fairly.For example the expression It is a fairly good play would, if anything, discourage others from going to see it. But It is rather a good play is definitely a recommendation. Occasionally ratherused in this way conveys the idea of surprise:

I suppose the house was filthy. ~ No, as a matter of fact it was rather clean.

D rathercan also be used before enjoy, like and sometimes before dislike, object and some similar verbs:

/ rather like the smell of petrol. He rather enjoys queueing. rathercan be used in short answers to questions with the above verbs:

Do you like him? ~ Yes I do, rather.

rather+ like/enjoy is often used to express a liking which is a surprise to others or to the speaker himself. But it can also be used to strengthen the verb: / rather like Tom implies more interest than / like Tom. (For would rather,see 297, 298.)

Quite

This is a confusing word because it has two meanings.

A It means 'completely' when it is used with a word or phrase which can express the idea of completeness (all right, certain, determined, empty, finished, full, ready, right, sure, wrong etc.) and when it is used with a very strong adjective/adverb such as amazing, extraordinary, horrible, perfect:

The bottle was quite empty. You 're quite wrong. It's quite extraordinary; I can't understand it at all.

B When used with other adjectives/adverbs, quitehas a slightly

weakening effect, so that quite goodis normally less complimentary than good, quiteused in this way has approximately the same meaning as fairlybut its strength can vary very much according to the way it is stressed:

quite good (weak quite, strong good) is very little less than 'good'.

quite good (equal stress) means 'moderately good'.

quite good (strong quite, weak good) is much less than 'good'. The less quiteis stressed the stronger the following adjective/adverb becomes. The more quiteis stressed the weaker its adjective/ adverb becomes. Note the position of a/an:

quite a long walk quite an old castle

Date: 2015-12-18; view: 1167