Agents of the Respondent

[1] International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, G.A. Res. 164, U.N. GAOR, 52nd Sess., Supp. No. 49, at 389, U.N. Doc. A/52/49 (1998),entered into forceMay 23, 2001. art. 2.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Compromis at para. 20.

[5] Definition of Aggression, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX), 14 December 1974, art. 1.

[6] Geneva Convention (IV) Relativeto the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949, art. 11.

[7] See Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945, art. 51 [hereinafter U.N. Charter]; Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, [1986] I.C.J. Rep. 14 at para. 195 [hereinafter Nicaragua].

[8] See Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (Iran v. United States of America), [1980] I.C.J. Rep. 3 at para. 57. See also Yoram Dinstein, War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 3rd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000) at 176 [hereinafter Dinstein].

[9] See Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Congo v. Uganda) (2006), 45 I.L.M. 271 at para. 146; Bruno Simma, ed. The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002) at 82.

[10] See Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Congo v. Uganda) Separate opinion of Judge Kooijmans, International Court of Justice, 2005, at para. 31.

[11] See Dinstein, supra note 8 at 183. See also Judith Gardam, Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force By States (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2004) at 148-49.

[12] See Nicaragua, supra note 7 at para. 237; See also Dinstein, supra note 8 at 184; Oscar Schachter, The Right of States to Use Armed Force (1984) 83 Mich. L. Rev. 1626 at 1635.

[13] See Nicaragua, supra note 7 at para. 237.

[14] Statute of the International Court of Justice, 26 June 1945, art. 36.

[15] Human Rights Council, Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development, Addendum, “Study on targeted killings”, UNGAOR, 14^th Sess, UN Doc A/HRC/14/24/Add.6, 28 May 2010, at para. 79 [hereinafter Study on targeted killings].

[16] Compromis at para. 28.

[17] Ibid at para. 29.

[18] Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 60/147, (16 December 2005), section III, at para. 4 [hereinafter Remedy and Reparation].

[19] Remedy and Reparation, supra note 18 section IX, art. 15.

[20] U.N. Charter, supra note 7 art. 51.

[21] Study on targeted killings, supra note 15 at para. 39.

[22] Study on targeted killings, supra note 15 at para. 81.

[23] Compromis at para. 28.

[24] Cannizzaro, Enzo, “Contextualizing proportionality: jus ad bellum and jus in bello in the Lebanese war”, (2006) International review of the Red Cross, Volume 88 Number 864 December, at 783.

[25] Compromis at para. 3.

[26] Ibid.

[27] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 19 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171, art. 18 [hereinafter Civil and Political Rights].

[28] Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 18.

[29] Compromis at para. 18.

[30] Ibid.

[31] PACE, Parliamentary Assemble, Islamism and Islamophobia in Europe, by Mr Mogens Jensen, Doc. 12266 (25 May 2010), section B (3.13) [hereinafter Islamism and Islamophobia].

[32] Convention on the Rights of the Child (adopted 20 November 1989, entered into force 2 September 1990) 1577 UNTS 3, art 14 [hereinafter Rights of the Child].

[33] Ibid.

[34] Compromis at para. 3.

[35] Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (adopted 18 December 1979, entered into force 3 September 1981) 1249 UNTS 13 [hereinafter Discrimination against Women].

[36] Ibid art. 1.

[37] Ibid preamble.

[38] Discrimination against Women, supra note 35 art. 2 (f).

[39] Ibid art. 5.

[40] Islamism and Islamophobia, supra note 31 section A (12).

[41] Ibid section A (12).

[42] Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 18.

[43] Ibid art. 2.

[44] Ibid art. 19.

[45] Rights of the Child, supra note 32 art. 37.

[46] Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 7.

[47] Rights of the Child, supra note 32 art. 37.

[48] Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 9.

[49] Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 9.

[50] OECD ‘Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions’ (signed 17 December 1997, entered into force 15 February 1999) OECD Doc DAFFE/IME/BR(97)20, Preamble [hereinafter Convention on Combating Bribery].

[51] Ibid art. 1 (1).

[52] Compromis at para. 22.

[53] Ibid at para. 11.

[54] Ibid.

[55] Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 1 (4(a)).

[56] Ibid, art. 1(1).

[57] Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 1 (1).

[58] Ibid.

[59] Compromis at para. 12.

[60] Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 1 (1).

[61] Compromis at para. 3.

[62] Ibid at para. 12.

[63] Compromis at para. 22.

[64] Compromis at para. 22.

[65] OECD, Directorate for Financial, Fiscal and Enterprise Affairs, Working Papers No. 2003/2 (June 2003).

[66] Ibid.

[67] Ibid.

[68] Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 9 (1).

[69] Ibid art 9 (2).

[70] Compromis at para. 16.

[71] Susan Rose-Ackerman & Benjamin Billa, “Treaties and National Security”, 40 N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol. 437 (2008), reprinted in Yale Law School Faculty Scholarship Series, Paper 595, at 439.

[72] Ibid at 439.

[73] Compromis at para. 25.

[74]Ibid.

[75] Compromis at para. 23.

[76] Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 9.

[77] Ibid art. 9 (1).

[78] Compromis at para. 26.

[79] Ibid.

[80] OECD Commentary on the Implementation Procedures of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (June 2000) at para. 6 [hereinafter Commentary on the Implementation Procedures].

[81] Ibid at para. 12.

[82] Compromis at para. 26.

[83] Ibid.

[84] OECD ‘Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises’ (June 2000) DAFFE/IME(2000)20, at section I (4) [hereinafter Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises].

[85] Compromis at para. 26.

[86] Ibid.

[87] Compromis at para. 26.

[88] Commentary on the Implementation Procedures, supra note 80 at para. 13.

[89] OECD Decision of the Council ‘Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises’ (June 2000) DAFFE/IME(2000)20, Procedural Guidance at section I (B(3)).

[90] Ibid at section I (B(3)).

[91] Ibid at section I (10).

[92] Ibid at section I (1(C)).

[93] Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, supra note 84 at section I (2(C)).

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 740