ON THE COURSE

Market research is an essential part of marketing. This should not only precede the introduction of new products, but should keep a regular check on what is happening to existing ones. The object of market research is, primarily, to find out what the public wants. If a product is needed, it will sell.

Market researchers also attempt to find out in what form, shape, colour and package the public will accept the product. They also try to keep track of changing patterns in demand. The successful firm is the one that can commence production today for the needs of tomorrow.

Market research must be distinguished from consumer research. This looks at marketing from the consumers' point of view. It is concerned with such questions as which of many rival products represent the best value for money, and how best the consumers' interests can be safeguarded.

Market researchers will, of course, be concerned not only with what products are needed and what will 'sell' them, but with the peculiarities of the markets with which their firms are concerned. Are there any moral, legal or social reasons why the proposed product should not be marketed in the area under consideration? In what way will demand, and the type of appeal that will have to be made to consumers through advertising, have to take account of the social, linguistic and racial backgrounds of the potential customers?

HAND-OUTS

ON THE COURSE

«MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES»

FOR the 1^st YEAR STUDENTS

(Part 1)

Almaty 2012

Author: Golikova V.I., KAU assistant professor

Recommended for publishing by decision of the Methodical-Scientific Council of General Education and Humanities Department, Kazakh-American University, the minutes # , ___________

Hand-outs on « Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries» are developed for the 1^st year students of “International Relations” major. They are composed according to the curriculum and syllabus. The collection of handouts will help students at lectures and seminars. Hand-outs also may be used to develop individual and creative work skills and at exams preparations.

© Kazakh-American University

Golikova V.I., 2012

I. Introduction. Subject and main problems

of the modern history

1. Brief content of the lecture

1. Subject “Modern History”. Periodization

Modern history studies the period of the capitalism formation and its development, radical changes in the world development in the XVII- beginning of the XX century.

Different points of view on the beginning of modern history :

1) English revolution of the XVII century

2) Great French revolution of 1789

3) Great Geographical discoveries (the end of the XV- beginning of the XVI c.)

Periods of modern history :

1) middle of the 17 c. – end of the 18 century

2) end of the 18 c.- 70-s of the 19 century

3) 70-s of the 19 century- 1914-1918

Major characteristic features of modern history:

- Development of capitalism

- Revolutions in Britain and France in 17-18 centuries and their consequences

During the period of 1789-1815 Europe was dominated by the French revolution and reform movement, culminating in several revolutionary wars and the Napoleonic wars.

- Political movements and doctrines tossed by the French revolution

( liberalism, radicalism, nationalism, socialism)

- Industrial revolution

- Revolutions of 1848-49 in Europe

These revolutions produced important changes, but their failures also changed European politics, as both conservatives and liberals began to develop new tactics.

- Industrialization with a growing array of social, cultural and economic effects

- Social reforms.

- Regional and national differences; Russia and Eastern Europe began widely participate in international politics.

2. Capitalism

Capitalism

Capitalism is characterized by the following:

* property-_________________________

*means of production___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

* productive labour______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

* type of economy-_______________________

As a way of thinking, capitalism is characterized by ________________

Social structure. New classes: ___________________

___________________

Bourgeoisie originally the name for inhabitants of towns in medieval France as artisans and craftsmen. The term was extended to include the middle class of France and then other nations.

In the 17^th and 18^th centuries, the bourgeoisie supported the principles of constitutionality and natural right. The English, American and French revolutions derived partly from the desire of the bourgeoisie to get rid of feudalism and introduce personal liberty and rights of trade and property.

After the Industrial revolution, the bourgeoisie differentiated into high bourgeoisie

(industrialists and bankers) and petty bourgeoisie ( tradesmen and white-collar workers)

Hired workers

3.Questions for test

Modern history studies

A. period of capitalism

B. period of feudalism

C. period of socialism

D. all periods together

Property during capitalism belongs to

A. workers

B. bourgeoisie

C. feudals

D. landlords

4.Task for office hours - The beginning of the capitalist development

5.Task for IWS -New approaches to the periodization of Modern History

6. Reference

Новая и новейшая история Европы и Америки. Т.1, М, 2004

http://www.history.com

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/PRE.HTM

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1097