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Index of Greek TermsA few Greek words appear in the original in the text, because they are technical terms or otherwise resist satisfactory translation. Equivalents are offered here for the more important of these.
― 355 ― General Index A Abelard, 287 Academy, 56 -57, 75 , 83 n1 Achilles, 3 , 6 , 18 , 41 , 179 n57, 215 , 220 , 265 , 274 ; and Athena, 93 -95, 203 , 260 -61, 276 ; and Thetis, 250 n63, 265 , 277 Adam, 46 , 53 Adrastus, 84 Aeneid. See Allegory; Augustine of Hippo; Virgil Aeolus, 274 Aeschylus, 77 Agamemnon, 17 , 18 , 179 n57, 206 -7, 274 Agenor, 220 Ajax, 274 Alain de Lille, 284 , 286 Albertus Magnus, 270 Albinus, Caecina, 263 al-Biruni, 238 Albricus, 282 Alcaeus, 145 n3 Alexander, 84 Alexandria, 26 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 53 , 75 , 80 , 85 , 109 . See also Clement of Alexandria; Origen the Christian; Philo al-Farabi, 237 , 239 Allegory —defensive, 124 , 183 -84, 261 n109 —deliberate, x , 142 , 145 -50 —interpretation of: Aeneid , 146 -47, 257 -60, 270 , 282 n184, 284 -88, 292 , 294 ; in Arabic commentators, 239 -41; in Christianity, 144 -61; in later Latin authors, 286 -92; in Medieval period, 282 -97; in modem period, 298 -305; in Neoplatonism, 21 -22, 47 -49 —levels of: in Christian Neoplatonism, 158 -61; as distinguished by Dante, 291 -94; in Medieval exegesis, 283 -84; multiplicity of, 20 -21, 43 ; in Philo, 47 -53; in Porphyry, 115 , 120 -21, 127 ; in Proclus's defense of Homer, 185 -88, 196 -97, 216 -21 —literal meaning and: in Dante, 291 -93; in Homeric interpretation, 224 ; in Julian, 139 ; in Philo, 47 -53; in Porphyry, 124 —moral: Aeneid as, 270 ; in Dante, 291 , 293 ; in Fulgentius, 281 -82; in Macrobius on Scipio's dream, 271 ; in Neopythagoreanism, 115 ; Odyssey as, 130 , 224 ; in Pythagoreanism, 32 -35, 43 , 270 —mystical: in Christian authors, 78 -81, 241 -49; and early interpretations of Homer, 12 ; in Heliodorus, 149 -61; Iliad as, ix , 1 , 43 , 223 -33; in Macrobius on Scipio's dream, 271 ; in Neoplatonism, 139 , 288 , 293 , 318 -24; Odyssey as, ix , 1 , 43 , 132 -33, 222 -33, 318 -24; in Porphyry, 108 -10, 115 ; in Proclus, 219 -21; in Pythagoreanism, 31 -43, 320 ; role of Philo in development of, 44 -51; and use of term theologos , 27 -31 —personification, 146 , 273 , 275 -79, 284 , 288 -91 —physical: Iliad as, 32 , 223 -24; in Julian, 137 -38; in Macrobius on Scipio's ― 356 ― Allegory, physical (continued ) dream, 271 ; in Philo, 47 ; in Porphyry, 129 ; in Proclus, 219 -21; Pythagorean, 32 -33, 43 ; in Stoicism, 143 , 164 n5 Ambrose, Saint, 263 Amelius, 84 , 132 Ammonius Saccas, 45 , 78 , 84 Anacreon, 145 n3 Anaxagoras, 97 n48 Antenor, 5 Antiochus of Ascalon, 45 , 46 Aphrodite, 202 , 250 . See also Homer, Odyssey Apollo, 218 , 219 , 220 Apuleius, 98 , 233 , 260 -61 Arabic interpretive tradition. See Allegory; Homer Arcesilaus, 56 , 58 Archilochus, 145 n3 Ares. See Homer, Odyssey "Ares" (the philosopher), 248 Argonauts, 180 Aristarchus, 26 , 109 , 113 -14, 202 Ariston of Chios, 58 Aristotle: in Dante, 289 , 294 -95; in list of seven philosophers, 248 ; and Plato, 183 -85, 188 , 252 ; praise of Homer by, 237 ; as source for later commentators, 112 , 120 , 202 , 240 -41, 252 , 295 ; testimony on Pythagoreanism, 36 , 39 , 43 ; translations of by later authors, 262 , 274 , 275 n171; and theologoi , 23 -24, 27 , 28 Aristoxenus, 274 Arnobius, 250 Artemidorus of Ephesus, 125 Artemis, 219 n230 Aspasius, 84 Astrology, 69 , 71 , 73 , 163 , 253 -54, 318 -19 Athena: allegorical use of, 65 , 202 , 276 ; and Achilles, 93 -95, 203 , 260 -61, 276 ; and Diomedes, 178 , 276 ; and Pandarus, 19 , 20 ; and Odysseus, 8 , 175 -76, 233 n1; and Pandarus, 19 , 20 , 207 -8 Atlantis, myth of, 65 Atticus, 84 Attis, 143 , 261 Auerbach, E., 187 Augustine of Hippo, Saint: critique of Aeneid by, 227 , 257 -60; language theories in, 257 -60; and Platonism, 16 , 81 , 91 n33, 249 -51, 256 -61, 267 ; treatment of Homer by, 227 , 233 n1, 259 -61 Averroes, 240 Avicenna, 237 B Bachelard, G., 73 Basil of Caesarea, Saint, 139 , 242 , 243 -44 Battle of the gods. See Homer, Iliad Bernard Silvestris, 272 , 284 -85, 287 , 289 , 292 n212, 294 Beutler, R., 54 , 64 n66, 176 Bidez, J., 108 , 110 , 111 Blake, W., x , 234 , 235 Bloom, H., 145 , 298 Boethius, 249 , 256 , 274 -79, 283 , 286 , 290 Boyancé, P., 33 n110, 35 -36, 39 , 46 , 178 Bréhier, E., 103 Buffière, F., 1 n1, 32 , 33 , 44 , 64 n66, 66 , 319 -24 Burkert, W., 34 , 42 , 324 Byzantine interpretive tradition. See Homer C Calchas, 2 , 4 Calcidius, 221 n240, 236 , 249 , 250 -56, 282 Callimachus, 176 , 181 Calypso, 206 -7, 225 Carcopino, J., 33 n110, 74 Carneades, 56 Cassiodorus, 256 Celsus, 81 , 82 n113 Chaldaean Oracles , 30 , 169 , 175 , 180 , 213 , 228 n264 Chapman, G., 8 , 9 , 22 , 223 , 234 , 235 Chariclea. See Heliodorus; "Philip the Philosopher" Chartres, School of, 240 , 247 , 286 -88 Chrétien de Troyes, 287 Christianity: allegorical tradition in, 16 , 78 -82, 144 -61, 233 -34, 241 -49; etymological speculations in, 46 -47; Julian's attitudes toward, 136 -39; and Neoplatonism, 30 , 144 -49, 156 -61; and Numenius, 60 -61, 75 -76; Philo's influence on, 53 -54, 75 -76; and Porphyry, 53 , 61 . See also Exegesis Chrysippus, 21 n54, 25 -26, 210 n191 Cicero, 13 , 24 , 45 , 66 , 260 n105, 264 , 267 , 273 . See also Scipio, dream of Cilento, V., 101 ― 357 ― Circe, 8 , 41 -42, 106 -7, 115 -19, 153 , 274 , 279 , 295 . See also Odysseus Cleanthes, 265 Clement of Alexandria, 27 , 45 , 53 , 55 , 65 n68, 78 -80, 146 , 242 -43, 284 "Cleomedes", 248 Constantius, 135 -36 Copulation, myth of divine, 209 -14. See also Homer, Iliad : deception of Zeus Cornificius, 265 Cornutus, 187 Cosmology, 24 , 30 , 47 , 77 , 230 -32, 252 -54, 264 , 270 Coulter, J., 185 n77, 215 n211 Crates of Mallos, 26 , 109 Critic ( Cronius, 44 , 54 , 55 , 84 , 85 , 111 , 113 , 121 -23, 125 , 128 , 132 , 197 , 250 , 318 -20 Cumont, F., 1 n1 Cyclopes, 51 Cynics, 58 , 137 , 138 D Dante: allegorical modes in, 86 n15, 290 -94; influences on, 8 -9, 240 -41, 272 , 289 -90, 291 -94; interpretation of Homer by, 282 -83, 294 -97; and interpretive tradition, x , 234 -35, 282 -83, 298 -99; language in, 89 , 171 ; letter to Can Grande of, 142 , 186 n82, 289 , 292 -94; Platonism in, 289 -90; Pythagorean elements surviving in, 274 ; use of Virgil by, 288 -94, 292 -97 Dares Phrygius, 285 , 287 , 295 DeLacey, P., 25 Delatte, A., 32 , 34 -35, 43 , 74 , 319 , 322 , 324 De Lubac, Henri, 283 -84 Demetrius of Phaleron, 187 n86 Demodocus. See Homer , bards in Derveni papyrus, ix , 12 n28, 36 n123, 299 Des Places, E., 57 , 59 , 77 Detienne, M., 32 , 33 n110, 35 , 39 Dictys Cretensis, 295 Dillon, J., 54 , 56 , 64 n66 Dilthey, W., 302 , 303 Diogenes Laertius, 16 n43, 36 n123, 60 n53 Diomedes, 178 , 276 Dionysius the Areopagite, 232 , 244 . See also Platonism, Dionysian; Ps.-Dionysius Diotima, myth of, 98 Dodds, E. R., 54 , 180 DöRrie, H., 15 , 180 Dreams, interpretation of, 150 -51 Dronke, P., 287 E Egypt, 23 , 60 , 62 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 110 , 142 , 155 , 253 -54, 257 Eidothea, viii , 227 Empedocles, 116 , 228 Epicureanism, 81 , 84 , 222 Epimetheus, 103 Er, myth of, 7 -8, 200 , 270 n149, 323 ; Numenius' commentary on, 37 , 63 -64, 69 -73, 102 -3; Porphyry and, 115 , 118 -19; Proclus' commentary on, 66 -73 (text: 66-68), 102 -3, 202 , 221 , 230 , 232 ; Pythagoreanism in, 42 , 102 -3, 118 Erbse, H., 248 Erennius, 84 Eriugena, John Scotus, 232 , 247 , 287 Esthetics, 19 , 185 -88 Etymology: examples of, 28 , 241 , 212 , 231 n269, 252 , 264 , 266 , 281 ; in Lydus, 250 ; in Philo, 45 -49; in Plotinus, 86 -87; in Proclus, 39 -40, 166 , 200 , 214 -15, 221 ; origin of interpretation by, 38 -41, 280 -82 Euclid. See Proclus Euhemerists, 24 Euripides, 251 n71, 266 Eusebius, 55 , 60 , 63 Eustathius, 95 , 198 , 233 Exegesis: in Alexandria, 44 ; in Christianity, 82 , 160 -61, 251 , 283 -84, 291 -92; in Dante, 282 -97; Neoplatonic, 197 , 201 , 261 , 282 -83, 318 -24; in Plotinus, 275 ; in Porphyry, 113 , 120 -24; Pythagorean, 35 -43, 74 -75, 320 ; role of in ancient education, 13 -14; Stoic, 45 -48 F Favonius Eulogius, 249 , 272 -73 Festugière, A. J., 66 Finsler, G., 234 Flamant, J., 266 , 319 Flavianus, Nichomachus, 263 Fortin, E., 243 -44 Friedl, A. J., 198 Fulgentius, 279 -82, 285 , 292 , 294 ― 358 ― G Gadamer, H.-G., 302 , 303 Gaius, 84 Ganymede, 53 Gelzer, T., 149 , 157 -61 Gnostics, xi , 42 , 95 , 106 , 145 Gorgias, 207 Grammarians, 24 , 26 , 32 Gregory of Nyssa, 160 Grube, G. M. A., viii -ix, 20 , 299 Guillaume de Conches, 287 -88 H Hades, 73 -74, 100 , 114 -15, 208 , 215 n212, 231 Hadot, P., 106 Hazlitt, W., 301 -2 Hebrew scriptures, 44 , 47 , 99 , 244 -47, 250 ; in Dante, 291 -94; in Prudentius, 146 -49; as read by Philo, 75 -76, 82 , 211 -12; as source for Numenius, 60 , 69 , 75 -76, 80 -81; use of by Augustine, 257 -59 Hector, 18 , 215 , 220 Hegel, G. W. E, 301 Heidegger, M., 302 -3 Helen, 5 -6, 19 , 196 , 199 -200, 207 Heliodorus, 149 -61 Helios, 137 Hephaestus, 51 , 168 , 204 -6, 210 , 212 , 219 , 228 -29 Hera, 202 ; as See also Homer, Iliad ; Juno Heracles, 100 -102, 104 , 191 Heraclitus (author of Homeric Allegories ), ix n7, 16 , 26 , 47 , 52 , 62 , 145 n3, 183 -84, 199 n142, 224 -25, 226 n256, 253 , 254 , 320 Heraclitus of Ephesus, 254 -55 Hermeneutics, 47 , 49 , 54 , 78 , 109 , 244 -45, 282 -83, 301 -5 Hermes, 42 , 117 , 225 Hermes Trismegistus, 30 -31, 200 , 257 Hermias, 30 , 158 , 200 , 226 Herodotus, 11 , 22 -23, 25 , 79 Hesiod, 29 , 30 , 156 , 231 n269, 237 , 250 ; and Homer, 11 , 35 , 80 , 86 , 140 ; in Julian, 137 ; myths in, 16 -17, 103 -6, 124 ; in Philo, 49 , 87 ; in Proclus, 176 -77; as theologos , 27 , 28 , 31 . See also Kronos Hierocles of Alexandria, 177 n49 Hollander, R., 294 n218 Homer: anthropomorphism in, 97 -100, 260 n105; Augustine's treatment of, 227 , 233 n1, 259 -61; as authority on literature and philosophy, 12 -14, 40 , 242 -43, 253 , 275 -79, 294 -97; bards in, 3 -4, 6 -7, 22 , 65 , 189 , 191 , 201 , 226 n257, 227 ; blindness of, 8 -10, 177 n51, 196 , 199 -200, 211 ; Boethius's use of, 275 -79; Byzantine interpreters of, 241 -49; Christian interpreters of, 78 -82, 145 -48, 241 -49 (see also Clement of Alexandria; Origen the Christian); defenses of, 18 -20 (see also Plato; Proclus); and Demodocus, identification with, 9 , 22 ; as divine, 1 -10, 136 , 181 , 236 , 239 , 243 -47, 254 -55, 281 -82; as educator, 16 -20, 275 -79; as an Egyptian, 79 , 151 n23, 254 ; as etymological authority, 38 -39, 280 -83; and Hesiod, 7 , 11 , 35 -36; Hymn to Aphrodite , 100 ; Hymn to Apollo , 9 ; later Latin interpreters of, 249 -82; narrative voice in, 5 -6, 9 ; as philosopher, 113 , 248 , 253 ; and Philosophy, 274 -79, 294 -97; as the Poet, 22 , 51 , 83 , 181 , 202 , 264 , 294 ; treatment of by Pythagoreans, 15 , 19 , 31 -43, 73 -75; as sage, 1 , 10 , 236 , 237 -39, 282 ; as seer, 9 , 133 , 253 , 274 , 282 ; seers in, 2 , 4 (see also Tiresias); doctrine of souls in, 64 -73, 100 -103, 114 -19, 121 , 251 -52, 271 -72, 282 (see also Odysseus); as theologian, 1 -10, 15 , 22 -43, 51 , 129 , 181 , 260 n105; and Tiresias, identification with, frontispiece, 8 , 9 , 10 , 22 ; and Virgil, 284 -88, 294 -97. See also Scholia on Homer Homer, Iliad (episodes in): battle of the gods, 32 , 201 , 210 n189, 216 -21, 226 -27; deception of Zeus, 11 , 18 -19, 172 -73, 190 , 208 -17, 246 , 273 ; dream sent by Zeus to Agamemnon, 179 n57, 206 , 271 ; fall of Hephaestus, 204 -6; Judgement of Paris, 202 ; pithoi on the doorstep of Zeus, 17 , 220 -21, 226 -27, 275 ; Zeus's visit to the Ethiopians, 203 -4, 271 . See also Achilles; Athena; Trojan War Homer, Odyssey (episodes in): cattle of the sun, 137 ; cave of the nymphs, history of allegorical interpretation of, 256 , 318 -24; cave of the nymphs, ― 359 ― Numenius's commentary on, 44 , 55 , 64 -65, 66 , 70 -74, 109 -10, 126 , 128 , 130 , 143 , 270 , 318 -24; cave of the nymphs, Porphyry's essay on, 29 , 33 n109, 44 , 55 , 64 n66, 66 , 70 -73, 108 -11, 114 -32, 143 , 151 n23, 178 , 200 -1, 226 , 234 -35, 265 , 269 , 288 , 290 , 318 -24; cave of the nymphs, Proclus's summary of, 70 -71, 73 ; cave of the nymphs, text of, 119 -20; Polyphemus, 130 -31; Proteus, viii , 172 , 226 -27; song of Ares and Aphrodite, 11 , 18 , 19 , 189 , 201 , 208 , 226 -30. See also Calypso; Circe; Nekyia; Odysseus; Sirens Homeridae of Samos, 35 Horace, 120 , 277 n176 I Iamblichus, 35 , 39 , 72 n83, 134 -35, 138 , 262 Iliad. See Homer, Iliad Isidore of Seville, 38 , 46 , 256 , 280 J Jesus, 60 , 81 , 147 , 260 John the Evangelist, logos doctrine of, 88 Jones, J. W., 269 -70 Judaism, 61 , 69 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 82 . See also Hebrew scriptures Julian the Apostate, 134 -39, 152 , 241 , 249 , 262 , 264 , 265 Juno, 259 , 273 . See also Hera Jupiter, 273 . See also Zeus K Kindstrand, J. F., 201 -2 Klibansky, R., 236 , 239 Kraemer, J., 238 Kronos, 17 , 87 , 104 -6, 141 -42, 204 , 213 n203, 264 . See also Hesiod L Labeo, Cornelius, 249 -50 Leonas, 174 LéVi-Strauss, C., 201 Linus, 80 , 260 n105, 274 Lloyd-Jones, H., 299 Longinus, 84 , 86 , 110 -11, 188 Lucian, 9 , 54 , 56 Luscinius, Gaius Fabricius, 273 Lydus, Ioannes, 55 , 250 , 262 M Macrobius: commentary on Cicero's Scipio's Dream , 66 , 71 , 249 , 269 -73, 289 , 318 -19; role of in transmission of Homer and Plato, 71 , 226 , 236 , 256 , 270 -72, 282 , 283 , 288 -90; Saturnalia of, 193 -94, 263 -71, 289 , 319 ; sources for, 68 -69, 71 -74, 231 n269, 250 , 263 , 266 , 271 -73, 279 , 288 , 318 -19 Marcellinus, Ammianus, 262 Margolin, J.-C., 186 Marie de France, 287 Marinus, 174 -76, 180 Mars, 264 -65 Martianus Capella, 249 , 273 -74, 282 , 283 , 286 , 290 Maximus of Tyre, 57 Menelaus, 207 , 227 . See also Helen Mentor, 56 Mercury, 273 -74 Metalanguage, 168 -73, 207 , 229 -30 Metempsychosis (metensomatosis), 37 , 41 , 116 Methodius of Olympus, 242 -43 Milky Way, 67 , 70 , 73 -74, 115 , 128 Milton, 86 n15 Mimesis, 18 , 65 , 87 , 188 -97, 215 , 288 Minos, 99 -100 Moderatus, 84 Moses, 16 n45, 29 , 30 , 60 , 242 Mras, K., 77 Musaeus, x , 29 , 35 , 60 , 80 , 149 , 157 -61, 260 n105 Muses, 4 -6, 7 , 10 , 36 , 196 , 230 , 231 , 274 , 275 Music of the spheres, 7 -8, 37 -38, 52 , 230 -32 Mythographers, 279 -82, 285 Myths: in education, 16 -17, 197 , 241 -43; in Julian, 137 , 152 ; in Plato, 16 -17, 29 n86, 31 , 37 -38, 41 -42, 98 , 100 , 118 -19, 140 , 170 , 197 , 202 , 215 -16, 220 -21; in Sallustius, 139 -43; Stoics' treatment of, 13 -14, 260 ; as source material, 24 -25; use of by Neoplatonists, 13 -14, 83 -84, 170 -71, 185 -97, 203 -5, 230 -32. See also Er, myth of; Hesiod; Mythographers; Plato; Socrates N Negative theology, 90 , 244 , 278 Nekyia (journey to the dead), 42 -43, 70 , 100 , 115 , 119 , 191 , 277 n176 Neoplatonism, x , 2 , 10 , 19 , 127 ; and Christianity, 30 , 138 -39, 149 , 156 - ― 360 ― Neoplatonism (continued ) 61; and Julian, 134 -39; doctrine of souls in, 159 , 251 -52, 271 -72; influence of in later interpretations, 43 , 234 -36, 271 -72, 284 -88; and Numenius, 63 -65; and Pythagoras, 39 ; and Sallustius, 139 -43; use of term theologos , 22 . See also Plato; Plotinus; Porphyry; Proclus Neopythagoreanism. See Pythagoreanism New Testament, 60 , 62 , 81 , 124 , 156 , 158 , 294 Nicoll, A., 8 Nikolaos Mesarites, vii Nonnus, 158 Numbers, ideal, 40 Numenius, 16 , 19 , 33 , 45 , 51 , 53 , 140 , 143 , 197 , 211 -12, 221 n240, 250 ; attitudes toward earlier literature of, 14 , 55 -58; doctrine of souls in, 65 -74, 103 -4 (see also Er, myth of); explication of Plato by, 55 -69; and Judaism, 60 -62, 75 -76; language theories of, 76 -77; life of, 54 -57; Origen's attitudes toward, 61 -62, 80 -81; and Plotinus, 61 , 83 -85, 93 , 99 , 102 , 104 ; and Porphyry, 55 , 61 , 66 , 109 -11, 128 -30, 256 , 319 ; and Proclus, 66 -71, 73 -74; as a Pythagorean, 54 , 68 -69, 73 -75; as source for later authors, 84 , 253 -56, 279 , 318 -24; use of Homeric language by, 54 -59, 69 , 71 -73, 90 , 93 , 110 , 318 -20. See also Homer, Odyssey : cave of the nymphs O Oceanus, 252 Odysseus: allegorical interpretations of, 41 -43, 53 , 71 , 102 , 106 -7, 119 -20, 129 -33, 153 , 175 -76, 221 -32, 251 -52, 279 , 307 ; and Athena, 8 , 175 -76, 233 n1; in Dante, 295 -97; wanderings of, 121 -22, 125 -27, 274 Odyssey . See Homer, Odyssey Old Testament. See Hebrew scriptures Olympiodorus, 30 , 198 Oracles, 7 , 12 , 29 , 30 , 132 -33, 134 , 140 -41, 153 , 169 , 177 , 178 n52, 213 , 245 , 248 , 266 Origen the Christian, 45 , 53 , 60 n51, 61 -62, 75 -76, 78 , 80 -82, 84 , 142 , 145 n3, 146 , 210 n191, 242 , 260 , 283 -84 Orion, 174 Orpheus, 22 , 29 -31, 35 , 80 , 177 , 180 , 228 n264, 260 n105, 274 Orphic poetry, ix , 27 , 28 , 213 , 299 . See also Orpheus Osiris, 144 n1 Ouranos, 17 , 105 , 124 , 204 Ovid, 146 P Pandarus. See Athena Pandora, 103 -4 Paris, 35 , 202 Parmenides, 176 Patroclus, 6 , 18 , 215 n212 Penelope, 7 n13, 179 n57 PéPin, J., 1 n1, 48 -49, 106 , 120 -21, 124 , 288 Peripatetics, ix , 84 Petrarch, 282 Pézard, A., 289 -90 Pfeiffer, R., 13 Phemius. See Homer, bards in "Philip the Philosopher," 148 -50, 152 -56; text of An Interpretation of the Modest Chariclea by, 306 -11 Philo of Alexandria, 16 n43, 29 , 30 , 44 -54, 75 -76, 78 , 146 , 211 -12, 284 Philolaus, 27 , 28 , 322 Philologia, personification of, 273 -74 Philoponus, John, 65 n68 Philosophy, personification of, 275 -79 Photius, 177 -78 Pisander, 30 Plato: critique of mimetic art, 188 -97, 215 -16 (see also Mimesis); discussion of love in the dialogues, 155 ; doctrine of souls in, 64 -73, 100 -3, 118 -19, 202 (see also Er, myth of); and Homeric anthropomorphism, 97 -100; language of, 45 -48, 85 -90, 165 -73, 205 -7; in list of seven philosophers, 248 ; methodology of, 38 -39, 230 ; Neoplatonic reconciliation of Homer and Plato, 66 , 97 -100, 112 , 118 -19, 134 , 169 -70, 182 -85, 194 -97, 205 -7, 219 -21, 228 -29, 232 , 242 , 266 , 275 , 279 , 282 ; and poetry, 16 , 25 , 28 -29, 80 , 280 -85; Porphyry and tradition of commentary on, 63 , ― 361 ― 255 -56; role of dialogues in transmission of Homer, 37 -43, 99 -100, 180 -81, 205 -6, 235 -37, 250 -53, 261 , 285 -86; as source for Latin authors, 289 -90; treatment of by Numenius, 55 -73; treatment of by Plotinus, 86 ; treatment of Homer as divine by, 2 -3, 136 , 181 -85, 195 , 282 ; use of dialogues in interpretation, 300 -1. See also Myths; Neoplatonism; Platonism; Socrates Platonism, ix , 13 -14, 16 , 128 , 133 n140; Dionysian, 283 -84, 287 -88 (see also Dionysius the Areopagite); Middle, 46 , 49 , 53 -54, 82 n1, 250 ; and Pythagoreanism, 34 -43, 128 , 177 , 210 , 270 -72; and Pythagoreanism in Numenius, 60 -61, 75 ; and Pythagoreanism in Porphyry, 30 , 84 -85, 115 -18. See also Neoplatonism Plotinus, 15 , 43 , 44 , 91 ; allegorical interpretation of Heracles by, 100 -3; allegorical interpretations of Odysseus by, 102 , 106 -7; and Cronius, 85 ; doctrine of souls in, 86 n15, 100 -7, 156 ; Hesiodic myths in, 86 , 87 , 103 -6; Homeric language in, 90 -103, 202 , 277 -79; reconciliation of Homer and Plato by, 97 -100; logos doctrine of, 87 -90, 165 -66; negative theology of, 90 ; Neoplatonism of, 83 -85, 162 -64; and Numenius, 61 , 83 -85, 93 , 99 , 102 , 104 ; oracle on fate of soul of, 153 ; and Philo, 85 ; Platonic language in, 40 , 85 -90, 164 -73; and Porphyry, 83 -84, 111 -12, 131 , 132 , 256 ; Pythagorean elements in, 82 , 101 -3; as source for later authors, 289 Plutarch, ix , 21 n54, 23 , 38 , 40 -41, 185 , 231 n269, 248 , 320 , 322 Polemon, 56 Polyphemus, 130 -31 Porphyry, 35 , 42 , 53 , 143 , 197 , 212 , 250 , 304 ; allegory in, 115 , 120 -21, 127 , 129 ; association with Longinus, 110 -12; attitudes toward earlier literature, 14 ; and Christianity, 30 , 82 , 160 -61; commentary on Plato's Republic , 319 (see also Er, myth of); defense of Homer by, 19 , 121 -24; doctrine of souls in, 73 -74, 113 -19, 121 , 132 , 200 -1 (see also Homer, Odyssey : cave of the nymphs); Homeric interpretations by, 64 , 108 -33 (see also Homer, Odyssey : cave of the nymphs); Homeric Questions of, 108 -14, 198 ; and Numenius, 55 , 61 , 66 , 109 -11, 128 -30, 256 , 319 ; and Platonism, 30 , 65 n68; and Plotinus, 83 -84, 111 -12, 131 , 132 , 256 ; and Proclus, 174 -75, 178 -79; and Pythagoreanism, 30 , 112 , 115 , 118 -19; as source for later authors, 255 -56, 265 -66, 279 , 289 ; The Styx , 113 -19, 121 ; use of theologos , 24 , 27 , 29 , 30 -31 Poseidon, 65 , 219 n230, 227 , 228 , 231 Posidonius, 251 , 265 Praechter, K., 120 -21, 272 -73 Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius, 249 , 262 -67 Priam, 5 , 18 , 215 Proclus, viii , 3 , 25 n70, 30 , 129 n130, 158 , 197 -99, 244 -48; attitudes toward earlier literature, 14 , 180 -83; attribution of Chrestomathy to, 177 -78, 181 n65, 201 -2; classification of types of poetry by, 188 -97, 258 -59; commentary on Euclid by, 30 -31, 173 , 224 -25; commentary on Plato's Parmenides by, 225 -26; commentary on Plato's Republic by, 66 -71, 164 , 170 , 175 , 178 -79, 181 -97, 199 , 226 -32, 318 (see also Er, myth of); commentary on Plato's Timaeus by, 30 , 65 , 167 -69, 175 , 176 , 181 , 189 , 190 n99, 199 n143, 221 , 228 -29, 312 -14 (text); defense of Homer by, 19 , 64 n66, 70 , 140 , 153 -54, 163 -64, 169 -70, 172 -73, 178 -79, 181 -97, 208 , 216 , 226 , 230 , 235 ; demonology in, 98 -99, 217 -21, 226 -32, 258 -59; interpretation of Iliad by, 199 -221, 315 -17; interpretation of Odyssey by, 221 -32, 315 -17; life of, 162 -63, 174 -76; Neo-platonic doctrines in, 162 -71, 188 -97; and Numenius, 66 -71, 73 -74; physical allegory in, 219 -21; and Porphyry, 164 , 170 , 174 -75, 178 -79; Pythagorean thought in, 39 -40, 209 -10, 216 -18; and theologoi , 30 -31; use of Homer's blindness by, 8 , 9 -10, 177 n51, 196 , 199 -200, 211 ― 362 ― Procopius of Gaza, 160 Prometheus, 103 -4 Proteus, viii , 17 , 37 , 172 , 226 -27 Prudentius, x , 145 -48, 158 , 283 , 290 Ps.-Dionysius, 232 n270, 246 -47 Ps.-Plutarch, 11 n27, 14 , 20 n52, 36 n125, 41 , 110 , 112 -13, 118 , 251 -53, 268 , 320 , 322 Pythagoreanism, ix , 2 , 9 , 15 , 19 , 21 , 237 , 238 ; allegorical interpretations in, 31 -43, 73 -75, 115 , 178 , 270 -72, 320 -24; doctrine of souls in, 73 -74, 101 -2, 118 -19, 271 ; Philolaus as source on, 28 ; sects in, 36 ; use of Plato's myths by, 38 , 128 . See also Numenius; Platonism; Plotinus; Porphyry; Proclus R Rahner, H., 242 , 243 Raphael, 8 -9 Renaissance, x , 1 , 9 , 20 , 146 , 186 n81, 223 , 234 , 240 Rhea, 223 -14 Rhetoric, 20 , 40 , 57 , 287 , 193 , 201 , 268 , 273 Richard of St.-Victor, 287 Ricoeur, E, 302 Romances, Greek, 148 -53, 157 , 160 Ross, D., 165 Rufinus, 263 S Sallustius, 239 -43, 148 , 171 , 188 Sappho, 176 Sarpedon, 215 n214 Satire, 55 , 58 -59, 220 -21, 275 , 286 Saturnalia of Macrobius. See Macrobius Schlegel, E, 301 Schleiermacher, E, 301 Scholia on Homer, ix , 20 , 32 , 38 , 52 , 94 , 112 , 114 , 194 n124, 198 , 219 , 254 , 320 -24 School of Chartres. See Chartres, School of Schrader, H., 208 , 110 Scipio, dream of (in Cicero's De re publica ): commentary by Favonius Eulogius, 272 -73; commentary by Macrobius, 66 , 71 , 249 , 269 -73, 289 , 318 -19 Second Sophistic, 57 , 193 , 201 Seneca, 13 Servius, 224 n246, 250 , 262 -64, 269 -70, 282 Severus, 84 Sheppard, A., 185 n77, 290 -91, 200 , 201 n150, 208 n180, 210 n189, 214 -15, 247 , 304 n14 Sibyl, 248 Simonides, 29 Sirens, 7 , 10 , 37 , 52 , 230 -32, 243 , 275 , 281 , 295 Skylla, 51 Socrates: attitudes toward myth and poetry, 23 , 25 , 102 , 224 , 140 , 180 -85, 196 , 197 , 237 , 243 ; condemnation of Homer by, 16 -29, 70 , 200 , 124 , 153 -54, 172 -73, 182 -85, 196 -97, 198 , 215 -26, 260 ; etymological speculations and, 38 -39, 165 -66, 214 ; in text of Philip the Philosopher, 307 ; on uses of texts, 21 , 159 , 252 , 300 -1; as voice of Plato, 64 -65. See also Plato Sodano, A. R., 108 Solon, 176 Sontag, S., 299 Sophistic, Second. See Second Sophistic Spercheios, 18 Speusippus, 34 , 39 Stesichorus, 195 -96 Stobaeus, 42 , 109 , 113 -15 Stoicism, ix , 13 -24, 21 , 40 -41, 56 , 94 , 109 , 251 , 260 n105; allegorical interpretation in, 25 , 81 , 143 , 164 n5, 210 n291, 219 , 260 , 265 -66; as source for Philo's allegorizing, 45 -51, 75 -76; theology in, 26 , 261 Strabo, 24 , 26 -27, 121 , 122 , 138 Structuralism, 201 Styx, The. See Porphyry Suda , 64 n66, 176 , 177 Symmachus, 263 , 267 -68 Synesius, 144 n1 Syrianus, 134 , 164 n5, 176 -77, 197 -98, 200 , 206 , 208 , 210 , 244 T Tate, J., 2 Taylor, T., x , 301 -2 Telemachus, 7 n13 Telephus of Pergamon, 16 Tethys, 252 Thales, 252 Theagenes and Chariclea. See Heliodorus; Philip the Philosopher ― 363 ― Theagenes of Rhegium, 15 , 32 , 322 Themis, 219 Theoclymenus, 2 Theodoret, 65 n68, 260 Theophanes the Keramite, 148 n12 Theophilus of Edessa, 238 Thetis, 17 , 203 , 215 n214, 250 n63, 265 , 277 Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 240 , 241 , 260 n105, 289 Thrasyllus, 84 Tigerstedt, E. N., 34 n114 Timon of Phlius, 58 Tiresias, 2 , 8 , 10 , 22 , 130 , 132 . See also Homer Trojan War: as metaphor, 19 , 100 , 199 -202, 221 , 260 n105, 294 ; as poetic fiction, 285 , 287 , 294 -95; in Origen, 81 Trouillard, J., 167 U Ulysses (Ulixes), 274 , 281 -82, 296 . See also Odysseus V Varro, 45 , 46 , 260 Victorinus, Marius, 249 , 256 -57 Virgil, 13 , 146 , 147 , 233 -34, 235 , 274 ; in Dante, 288 -90, 292 -97; and Homer, 294 -97; Macrobius's treatment of, 264 , 267 -70; as philosopher, 285 -87. See also Allegory; Augustine of Hippo; Servius W Wallis, R. T., 86 Walzer, R., 240 -41 Wolfson, H. A., 284 X Xanthus, 219 , 220 Xenocrates, 34 , 169 Xenophanes of Colophon, 11 , 15 , 35 , 49 , 260 Y Yeats, W. B., 206 Z Zeller, E., 34 Zeno, 56 , 58 -59 Zeus, 99 ; allegorical treatment of, 219 -21, 231 , 238 , 246 -47; birth of, 104 -6; and Pandarus, 17 ; as solar deity, 137 , 265 -66, 278 -79. See also Homer, Iliad ; Jupiter; Kronos Ziehen, L., 24 Preferred Citation: Lamberton, Robert. Homer the Theologian: Neoplatonist Allegorical Reading and the Growth of the Epic Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1986 1986. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7g50089t/ _uacct = "UA-294364-1"; _udn="content.cdlib.org"; urchinTracker(); Date: 2015-12-17; view: 918
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