Index of Greek Terms

A few Greek words appear in the original in the text, because they are technical terms or otherwise resist satisfactory translation. Equivalents are offered here for the more important of these.

118 , 119 , 125 n122, 128 , 151 , 156

41 , 48 , 51 , 65 n68, 125 n122, 151 , 202

36 , 39 , 40 , 45 -46

48 , 125 , 187

52 , 53 , 65 , 71 , 72 , 77 , 116 -19, 143 , 231 , 252

viii , 72 , 79 , 89 , 98 , 113 , 116 , 133 , 138 , 163 , 169 , 220 , 250 , 257 -59

20 , 64 , 151 , 225

101 -2

22 -43, 85 , 129 , 136 , 160 , 181 , 183 , 195 , 297

39 , 42 , 53 , 82 n113, 87 -90, 117 , 142 , 165 -69, 196 , 225 , 228 , 230 , 312 -14

28

115

vii , 87 , 95 -99, 104 -6, 127 , 141 , 143 , 154 -55, 162 , 166 , 167 -69, 189 , 191 , 203 , 207 , 210 , 211 , 221 , 225 -26, 230 , 245

76 -77, 87 , 93 -94, 106 , 162 -64, 189 , 206 , 217 , 231

80 , 141 n162, 185 , 186 , 188 , 190 , 196 , 240 , 246

76 -77

76 -77

17 , 23

115 , 225

123 , 129 , 207

48 , 136 -37

87 , 92 , 105 -6, 143 , 162 , 166

― 355 ―

General Index

A

Abelard, 287

Academy, 56 -57, 75 , 83 n1

Achilles, 3 , 6 , 18 , 41 , 179 n57, 215 , 220 , 265 , 274 ;

and Athena, 93 -95, 203 , 260 -61, 276 ;

and Thetis, 250 n63, 265 , 277

Adam, 46 , 53

Adrastus, 84

Aeneid. See Allegory; Augustine of Hippo; Virgil

Aeolus, 274

Aeschylus, 77

Agamemnon, 17 , 18 , 179 n57, 206 -7, 274

Agenor, 220

Ajax, 274

Alain de Lille, 284 , 286

Albertus Magnus, 270

Albinus, Caecina, 263

al-Biruni, 238

Albricus, 282

Alcaeus, 145 n3

Alexander, 84

Alexandria, 26 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 53 , 75 , 80 , 85 , 109 . See also Clement of Alexandria; Origen the Christian; Philo

al-Farabi, 237 , 239

Allegory

—defensive, 124 , 183 -84, 261 n109

—deliberate, x , 142 , 145 -50

—interpretation of: Aeneid , 146 -47, 257 -60, 270 , 282 n184, 284 -88, 292 , 294 ;

in Arabic commentators, 239 -41;

in Christianity, 144 -61;

in later Latin authors, 286 -92;

in Medieval period, 282 -97;

in modem period, 298 -305;

in Neoplatonism, 21 -22, 47 -49

—levels of: in Christian Neoplatonism, 158 -61;

as distinguished by Dante, 291 -94;

in Medieval exegesis, 283 -84;

multiplicity of, 20 -21, 43 ;

in Philo, 47 -53;

in Porphyry, 115 , 120 -21, 127 ;

in Proclus's defense of Homer, 185 -88, 196 -97, 216 -21

—literal meaning and: in Dante, 291 -93;

in Homeric interpretation, 224 ;

in Julian, 139 ;

in Philo, 47 -53;

in Porphyry, 124

—moral: Aeneid as, 270 ;

in Dante, 291 , 293 ;

in Fulgentius, 281 -82;

in Macrobius on Scipio's dream, 271 ;

in Neopythagoreanism, 115 ;

Odyssey as, 130 , 224 ;

in Pythagoreanism, 32 -35, 43 , 270

—mystical: in Christian authors, 78 -81, 241 -49;

and early interpretations of Homer, 12 ;

in Heliodorus, 149 -61;

Iliad as, ix , 1 , 43 , 223 -33;

in Macrobius on Scipio's dream, 271 ;

in Neoplatonism, 139 , 288 , 293 , 318 -24;

Odyssey as, ix , 1 , 43 , 132 -33, 222 -33, 318 -24;

in Porphyry, 108 -10, 115 ;

in Proclus, 219 -21;

in Pythagoreanism, 31 -43, 320 ;

role of Philo in development of, 44 -51;

and use of term theologos , 27 -31

—personification, 146 , 273 , 275 -79, 284 , 288 -91

—physical: Iliad as, 32 , 223 -24;

in Julian, 137 -38;

in Macrobius on Scipio's

― 356 ―

Allegory, physical (continued )

dream, 271 ;

in Philo, 47 ;

in Porphyry, 129 ;

in Proclus, 219 -21;

Pythagorean, 32 -33, 43 ;

in Stoicism, 143 , 164 n5

Ambrose, Saint, 263

Amelius, 84 , 132

Ammonius Saccas, 45 , 78 , 84

Anacreon, 145 n3

Anaxagoras, 97 n48

Antenor, 5

Antiochus of Ascalon, 45 , 46

Aphrodite, 202 , 250 . See also Homer, Odyssey

Apollo, 218 , 219 , 220

Apuleius, 98 , 233 , 260 -61

Arabic interpretive tradition. See Allegory; Homer

Arcesilaus, 56 , 58

Archilochus, 145 n3

Ares. See Homer, Odyssey

"Ares" (the philosopher), 248

Argonauts, 180

Aristarchus, 26 , 109 , 113 -14, 202

Ariston of Chios, 58

Aristotle: in Dante, 289 , 294 -95;

in list of seven philosophers, 248 ;

and Plato, 183 -85, 188 , 252 ;

praise of Homer by, 237 ;

as source for later commentators, 112 , 120 , 202 , 240 -41, 252 , 295 ;

testimony on Pythagoreanism, 36 , 39 , 43 ;

translations of by later authors, 262 , 274 , 275 n171;

and theologoi , 23 -24, 27 , 28

Aristoxenus, 274

Arnobius, 250

Artemidorus of Ephesus, 125

Artemis, 219 n230

Aspasius, 84

Astrology, 69 , 71 , 73 , 163 , 253 -54, 318 -19

Athena: allegorical use of, 65 , 202 , 276 ;

and Achilles, 93 -95, 203 , 260 -61, 276 ;

and Diomedes, 178 , 276 ;

and Pandarus, 19 , 20 ;

and Odysseus, 8 , 175 -76, 233 n1;

and Pandarus, 19 , 20 , 207 -8

Atlantis, myth of, 65

Atticus, 84

Attis, 143 , 261

Auerbach, E., 187

Augustine of Hippo, Saint: critique of Aeneid by, 227 , 257 -60;

language theories in, 257 -60;

and Platonism, 16 , 81 , 91 n33, 249 -51, 256 -61, 267 ;

treatment of Homer by, 227 , 233 n1, 259 -61

Averroes, 240

Avicenna, 237

B

Bachelard, G., 73

Basil of Caesarea, Saint, 139 , 242 , 243 -44

Battle of the gods. See Homer, Iliad

Bernard Silvestris, 272 , 284 -85, 287 , 289 , 292 n212, 294

Beutler, R., 54 , 64 n66, 176

Bidez, J., 108 , 110 , 111

Blake, W., x , 234 , 235

Bloom, H., 145 , 298

Boethius, 249 , 256 , 274 -79, 283 , 286 , 290

Boyancé, P., 33 n110, 35 -36, 39 , 46 , 178

Bréhier, E., 103

Buffière, F., 1 n1, 32 , 33 , 44 , 64 n66, 66 , 319 -24

Burkert, W., 34 , 42 , 324

Byzantine interpretive tradition. See Homer

C

Calchas, 2 , 4

Calcidius, 221 n240, 236 , 249 , 250 -56, 282

Callimachus, 176 , 181

Calypso, 206 -7, 225

Carcopino, J., 33 n110, 74

Carneades, 56

Cassiodorus, 256

Celsus, 81 , 82 n113

Chaldaean Oracles , 30 , 169 , 175 , 180 , 213 , 228 n264

Chapman, G., 8 , 9 , 22 , 223 , 234 , 235

Chariclea. See Heliodorus; "Philip the Philosopher"

Chartres, School of, 240 , 247 , 286 -88

Chrétien de Troyes, 287

Christianity: allegorical tradition in, 16 , 78 -82, 144 -61, 233 -34, 241 -49;

etymological speculations in, 46 -47;

Julian's attitudes toward, 136 -39;

and Neoplatonism, 30 , 144 -49, 156 -61;

and Numenius, 60 -61, 75 -76;

Philo's influence on, 53 -54, 75 -76;

and Porphyry, 53 , 61 . See also Exegesis

Chrysippus, 21 n54, 25 -26, 210 n191

Cicero, 13 , 24 , 45 , 66 , 260 n105, 264 , 267 , 273 . See also Scipio, dream of

Cilento, V., 101

― 357 ―

Circe, 8 , 41 -42, 106 -7, 115 -19, 153 , 274 , 279 , 295 . See also Odysseus

Cleanthes, 265

Clement of Alexandria, 27 , 45 , 53 , 55 , 65 n68, 78 -80, 146 , 242 -43, 284

"Cleomedes", 248

Constantius, 135 -36

Copulation, myth of divine, 209 -14. See also Homer, Iliad : deception of Zeus

Cornificius, 265

Cornutus, 187

Cosmology, 24 , 30 , 47 , 77 , 230 -32, 252 -54, 264 , 270

Coulter, J., 185 n77, 215 n211

Crates of Mallos, 26 , 109

Critic ( 11 -12, 120 , 179

Cronius, 44 , 54 , 55 , 84 , 85 , 111 , 113 , 121 -23, 125 , 128 , 132 , 197 , 250 , 318 -20

Cumont, F., 1 n1

Cyclopes, 51

Cynics, 58 , 137 , 138

D

Dante: allegorical modes in, 86 n15, 290 -94;

influences on, 8 -9, 240 -41, 272 , 289 -90, 291 -94;

interpretation of Homer by, 282 -83, 294 -97;

and interpretive tradition, x , 234 -35, 282 -83, 298 -99;

language in, 89 , 171 ;

letter to Can Grande of, 142 , 186 n82, 289 , 292 -94;

Platonism in, 289 -90;

Pythagorean elements surviving in, 274 ;

use of Virgil by, 288 -94, 292 -97

Dares Phrygius, 285 , 287 , 295

DeLacey, P., 25

Delatte, A., 32 , 34 -35, 43 , 74 , 319 , 322 , 324

De Lubac, Henri, 283 -84

Demetrius of Phaleron, 187 n86

Demodocus. See Homer , bards in

Derveni papyrus, ix , 12 n28, 36 n123, 299

Des Places, E., 57 , 59 , 77

Detienne, M., 32 , 33 n110, 35 , 39

Dictys Cretensis, 295

Dillon, J., 54 , 56 , 64 n66

Dilthey, W., 302 , 303

Diogenes Laertius, 16 n43, 36 n123, 60 n53

Diomedes, 178 , 276

Dionysius the Areopagite, 232 , 244 . See also Platonism, Dionysian; Ps.-Dionysius

Diotima, myth of, 98

Dodds, E. R., 54 , 180

DöRrie, H., 15 , 180

Dreams, interpretation of, 150 -51

Dronke, P., 287

E

Egypt, 23 , 60 , 62 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 110 , 142 , 155 , 253 -54, 257

Eidothea, viii , 227

Empedocles, 116 , 228

Epicureanism, 81 , 84 , 222

Epimetheus, 103

Er, myth of, 7 -8, 200 , 270 n149, 323 ;

Numenius' commentary on, 37 , 63 -64, 69 -73, 102 -3;

Porphyry and, 115 , 118 -19;

Proclus' commentary on, 66 -73 (text: 66-68), 102 -3, 202 , 221 , 230 , 232 ;

Pythagoreanism in, 42 , 102 -3, 118

Erbse, H., 248

Erennius, 84

Eriugena, John Scotus, 232 , 247 , 287

Esthetics, 19 , 185 -88

Etymology: examples of, 28 , 241 , 212 , 231 n269, 252 , 264 , 266 , 281 ;

in Lydus, 250 ;

in Philo, 45 -49;

in Plotinus, 86 -87;

in Proclus, 39 -40, 166 , 200 , 214 -15, 221 ;

origin of interpretation by, 38 -41, 280 -82

Euclid. See Proclus

Euhemerists, 24

Euripides, 251 n71, 266

Eusebius, 55 , 60 , 63

Eustathius, 95 , 198 , 233

Exegesis: in Alexandria, 44 ;

in Christianity, 82 , 160 -61, 251 , 283 -84, 291 -92;

in Dante, 282 -97;

Neoplatonic, 197 , 201 , 261 , 282 -83, 318 -24;

in Plotinus, 275 ;

in Porphyry, 113 , 120 -24;

Pythagorean, 35 -43, 74 -75, 320 ;

role of in ancient education, 13 -14;

Stoic, 45 -48

F

Favonius Eulogius, 249 , 272 -73

Festugière, A. J., 66

Finsler, G., 234

Flamant, J., 266 , 319

Flavianus, Nichomachus, 263

Fortin, E., 243 -44

Friedl, A. J., 198

Fulgentius, 279 -82, 285 , 292 , 294

― 358 ―

G

Gadamer, H.-G., 302 , 303

Gaius, 84

Ganymede, 53

Gelzer, T., 149 , 157 -61

Gnostics, xi , 42 , 95 , 106 , 145

Gorgias, 207

Grammarians, 24 , 26 , 32

Gregory of Nyssa, 160

Grube, G. M. A., viii -ix, 20 , 299

Guillaume de Conches, 287 -88

H

Hades, 73 -74, 100 , 114 -15, 208 , 215 n212, 231

Hadot, P., 106

Hazlitt, W., 301 -2

Hebrew scriptures, 44 , 47 , 99 , 244 -47, 250 ;

in Dante, 291 -94;

in Prudentius, 146 -49;

as read by Philo, 75 -76, 82 , 211 -12;

as source for Numenius, 60 , 69 , 75 -76, 80 -81;

use of by Augustine, 257 -59

Hector, 18 , 215 , 220

Hegel, G. W. E, 301

Heidegger, M., 302 -3

Helen, 5 -6, 19 , 196 , 199 -200, 207

Heliodorus, 149 -61

Helios, 137

Hephaestus, 51 , 168 , 204 -6, 210 , 212 , 219 , 228 -29

Hera, 202 ;

as 20 , 51 , 137 , 219 n230, 259 .

See also Homer, Iliad ; Juno

Heracles, 100 -102, 104 , 191

Heraclitus (author of Homeric Allegories ), ix n7, 16 , 26 , 47 , 52 , 62 , 145 n3, 183 -84, 199 n142, 224 -25, 226 n256, 253 , 254 , 320

Heraclitus of Ephesus, 254 -55

Hermeneutics, 47 , 49 , 54 , 78 , 109 , 244 -45, 282 -83, 301 -5

Hermes, 42 , 117 , 225

Hermes Trismegistus, 30 -31, 200 , 257

Hermias, 30 , 158 , 200 , 226

Herodotus, 11 , 22 -23, 25 , 79

Hesiod, 29 , 30 , 156 , 231 n269, 237 , 250 ;

and Homer, 11 , 35 , 80 , 86 , 140 ;

in Julian, 137 ;

myths in, 16 -17, 103 -6, 124 ;

in Philo, 49 , 87 ;

in Proclus, 176 -77;

as theologos , 27 , 28 , 31 .

See also Kronos

Hierocles of Alexandria, 177 n49

Hollander, R., 294 n218

Homer: anthropomorphism in, 97 -100, 260 n105;

Augustine's treatment of, 227 , 233 n1, 259 -61;

as authority on literature and philosophy, 12 -14, 40 , 242 -43, 253 , 275 -79, 294 -97;

bards in, 3 -4, 6 -7, 22 , 65 , 189 , 191 , 201 , 226 n257, 227 ;

blindness of, 8 -10, 177 n51, 196 , 199 -200, 211 ;

Boethius's use of, 275 -79;

Byzantine interpreters of, 241 -49;

Christian interpreters of, 78 -82, 145 -48, 241 -49 (see also Clement of Alexandria; Origen the Christian);

defenses of, 18 -20 (see also Plato; Proclus);

and Demodocus, identification with, 9 , 22 ;

as divine, 1 -10, 136 , 181 , 236 , 239 , 243 -47, 254 -55, 281 -82;

as educator, 16 -20, 275 -79;

as an Egyptian, 79 , 151 n23, 254 ;

as etymological authority, 38 -39, 280 -83;

and Hesiod, 7 , 11 , 35 -36;

Hymn to Aphrodite , 100 ;

Hymn to Apollo , 9 ;

later Latin interpreters of, 249 -82;

narrative voice in, 5 -6, 9 ;

as philosopher, 113 , 248 , 253 ;

and Philosophy, 274 -79, 294 -97;

as the Poet, 22 , 51 , 83 , 181 , 202 , 264 , 294 ;

treatment of by Pythagoreans, 15 , 19 , 31 -43, 73 -75;

as sage, 1 , 10 , 236 , 237 -39, 282 ;

as seer, 9 , 133 , 253 , 274 , 282 ;

seers in, 2 , 4 (see also Tiresias);

doctrine of souls in, 64 -73, 100 -103, 114 -19, 121 , 251 -52, 271 -72, 282 (see also Odysseus);

as theologian, 1 -10, 15 , 22 -43, 51 , 129 , 181 , 260 n105;

and Tiresias, identification with, frontispiece, 8 , 9 , 10 , 22 ;

and Virgil, 284 -88, 294 -97.

See also Scholia on Homer

Homer, Iliad (episodes in): battle of the gods, 32 , 201 , 210 n189, 216 -21, 226 -27;

deception of Zeus, 11 , 18 -19, 172 -73, 190 , 208 -17, 246 , 273 ;

dream sent by Zeus to Agamemnon, 179 n57, 206 , 271 ;

fall of Hephaestus, 204 -6;

Judgement of Paris, 202 ;

pithoi on the doorstep of Zeus, 17 , 220 -21, 226 -27, 275 ;

Zeus's visit to the Ethiopians, 203 -4, 271 .

See also Achilles; Athena; Trojan War

Homer, Odyssey (episodes in): cattle of the sun, 137 ;

cave of the nymphs, history of allegorical interpretation of, 256 , 318 -24;

cave of the nymphs,

― 359 ―

Numenius's commentary on, 44 , 55 , 64 -65, 66 , 70 -74, 109 -10, 126 , 128 , 130 , 143 , 270 , 318 -24;

cave of the nymphs, Porphyry's essay on, 29 , 33 n109, 44 , 55 , 64 n66, 66 , 70 -73, 108 -11, 114 -32, 143 , 151 n23, 178 , 200 -1, 226 , 234 -35, 265 , 269 , 288 , 290 , 318 -24;

cave of the nymphs, Proclus's summary of, 70 -71, 73 ;

cave of the nymphs, text of, 119 -20;

Polyphemus, 130 -31;

Proteus, viii , 172 , 226 -27;

song of Ares and Aphrodite, 11 , 18 , 19 , 189 , 201 , 208 , 226 -30.

See also Calypso; Circe; Nekyia; Odysseus; Sirens

Homeridae of Samos, 35

Horace, 120 , 277 n176

I

Iamblichus, 35 , 39 , 72 n83, 134 -35, 138 , 262

Iliad. See Homer, Iliad

Isidore of Seville, 38 , 46 , 256 , 280

J

Jesus, 60 , 81 , 147 , 260

John the Evangelist, logos doctrine of, 88

Jones, J. W., 269 -70

Judaism, 61 , 69 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 82 . See also Hebrew scriptures

Julian the Apostate, 134 -39, 152 , 241 , 249 , 262 , 264 , 265

Juno, 259 , 273 . See also Hera

Jupiter, 273 . See also Zeus

K

Kindstrand, J. F., 201 -2

Klibansky, R., 236 , 239

Kraemer, J., 238

Kronos, 17 , 87 , 104 -6, 141 -42, 204 , 213 n203, 264 . See also Hesiod

L

Labeo, Cornelius, 249 -50

Leonas, 174

LéVi-Strauss, C., 201

Linus, 80 , 260 n105, 274

Lloyd-Jones, H., 299

Longinus, 84 , 86 , 110 -11, 188

Lucian, 9 , 54 , 56

Luscinius, Gaius Fabricius, 273

Lydus, Ioannes, 55 , 250 , 262

M

Macrobius: commentary on Cicero's Scipio's Dream , 66 , 71 , 249 , 269 -73, 289 , 318 -19;

role of in transmission of Homer and Plato, 71 , 226 , 236 , 256 , 270 -72, 282 , 283 , 288 -90;

Saturnalia of, 193 -94, 263 -71, 289 , 319 ;

sources for, 68 -69, 71 -74, 231 n269, 250 , 263 , 266 , 271 -73, 279 , 288 , 318 -19

Marcellinus, Ammianus, 262

Margolin, J.-C., 186

Marie de France, 287

Marinus, 174 -76, 180

Mars, 264 -65

Martianus Capella, 249 , 273 -74, 282 , 283 , 286 , 290

Maximus of Tyre, 57

Menelaus, 207 , 227 . See also Helen

Mentor, 56

Mercury, 273 -74

Metalanguage, 168 -73, 207 , 229 -30

Metempsychosis (metensomatosis), 37 , 41 , 116

Methodius of Olympus, 242 -43

Milky Way, 67 , 70 , 73 -74, 115 , 128

Milton, 86 n15

Mimesis, 18 , 65 , 87 , 188 -97, 215 , 288

Minos, 99 -100

Moderatus, 84

Moses, 16 n45, 29 , 30 , 60 , 242

Mras, K., 77

Musaeus, x , 29 , 35 , 60 , 80 , 149 , 157 -61, 260 n105

Muses, 4 -6, 7 , 10 , 36 , 196 , 230 , 231 , 274 , 275

Music of the spheres, 7 -8, 37 -38, 52 , 230 -32

Mythographers, 279 -82, 285

Myths: in education, 16 -17, 197 , 241 -43;

in Julian, 137 , 152 ;

in Plato, 16 -17, 29 n86, 31 , 37 -38, 41 -42, 98 , 100 , 118 -19, 140 , 170 , 197 , 202 , 215 -16, 220 -21;

in Sallustius, 139 -43;

Stoics' treatment of, 13 -14, 260 ;

as source material, 24 -25;

use of by Neoplatonists, 13 -14, 83 -84, 170 -71, 185 -97, 203 -5, 230 -32.

See also Er, myth of; Hesiod; Mythographers; Plato; Socrates

N

Negative theology, 90 , 244 , 278

Nekyia (journey to the dead), 42 -43, 70 , 100 , 115 , 119 , 191 , 277 n176

Neoplatonism, x , 2 , 10 , 19 , 127 ;

and Christianity, 30 , 138 -39, 149 , 156 -

― 360 ―

Neoplatonism (continued )

61;

and Julian, 134 -39;

doctrine of souls in, 159 , 251 -52, 271 -72;

influence of in later interpretations, 43 , 234 -36, 271 -72, 284 -88;

and Numenius, 63 -65;

and Pythagoras, 39 ;

and Sallustius, 139 -43;

use of term theologos , 22 .

See also Plato; Plotinus; Porphyry; Proclus

Neopythagoreanism. See Pythagoreanism

New Testament, 60 , 62 , 81 , 124 , 156 , 158 , 294

Nicoll, A., 8

Nikolaos Mesarites, vii

Nonnus, 158

Numbers, ideal, 40

Numenius, 16 , 19 , 33 , 45 , 51 , 53 , 140 , 143 , 197 , 211 -12, 221 n240, 250 ;

attitudes toward earlier literature of, 14 , 55 -58;

doctrine of souls in, 65 -74, 103 -4 (see also Er, myth of);

explication of Plato by, 55 -69;

and Judaism, 60 -62, 75 -76;

language theories of, 76 -77;

life of, 54 -57;

Origen's attitudes toward, 61 -62, 80 -81;

and Plotinus, 61 , 83 -85, 93 , 99 , 102 , 104 ;

and Porphyry, 55 , 61 , 66 , 109 -11, 128 -30, 256 , 319 ;

and Proclus, 66 -71, 73 -74;

as a Pythagorean, 54 , 68 -69, 73 -75;

as source for later authors, 84 , 253 -56, 279 , 318 -24;

use of Homeric language by, 54 -59, 69 , 71 -73, 90 , 93 , 110 , 318 -20.

See also Homer, Odyssey : cave of the nymphs

O

Oceanus, 252

Odysseus: allegorical interpretations of, 41 -43, 53 , 71 , 102 , 106 -7, 119 -20, 129 -33, 153 , 175 -76, 221 -32, 251 -52, 279 , 307 ;

and Athena, 8 , 175 -76, 233 n1;

in Dante, 295 -97;

wanderings of, 121 -22, 125 -27, 274

Odyssey . See Homer, Odyssey

Old Testament. See Hebrew scriptures

Olympiodorus, 30 , 198

Oracles, 7 , 12 , 29 , 30 , 132 -33, 134 , 140 -41, 153 , 169 , 177 , 178 n52, 213 , 245 , 248 , 266

Origen the Christian, 45 , 53 , 60 n51, 61 -62, 75 -76, 78 , 80 -82, 84 , 142 , 145 n3, 146 , 210 n191, 242 , 260 , 283 -84

Orion, 174

Orpheus, 22 , 29 -31, 35 , 80 , 177 , 180 , 228 n264, 260 n105, 274

Orphic poetry, ix , 27 , 28 , 213 , 299 . See also Orpheus

Osiris, 144 n1

Ouranos, 17 , 105 , 124 , 204

Ovid, 146

P

Pandarus. See Athena

Pandora, 103 -4

Paris, 35 , 202

Parmenides, 176

Patroclus, 6 , 18 , 215 n212

Penelope, 7 n13, 179 n57

PéPin, J., 1 n1, 48 -49, 106 , 120 -21, 124 , 288

Peripatetics, ix , 84

Petrarch, 282

Pézard, A., 289 -90

Pfeiffer, R., 13

Phemius. See Homer, bards in

"Philip the Philosopher," 148 -50, 152 -56;

text of An Interpretation of the Modest Chariclea by, 306 -11

Philo of Alexandria, 16 n43, 29 , 30 , 44 -54, 75 -76, 78 , 146 , 211 -12, 284

Philolaus, 27 , 28 , 322

Philologia, personification of, 273 -74

Philoponus, John, 65 n68

Philosophy, personification of, 275 -79

Photius, 177 -78

Pisander, 30

Plato: critique of mimetic art, 188 -97, 215 -16 (see also Mimesis);

discussion of love in the dialogues, 155 ;

doctrine of souls in, 64 -73, 100 -3, 118 -19, 202 (see also Er, myth of);

and Homeric anthropomorphism, 97 -100;

language of, 45 -48, 85 -90, 165 -73, 205 -7;

in list of seven philosophers, 248 ;

methodology of, 38 -39, 230 ;

Neoplatonic reconciliation of Homer and Plato, 66 , 97 -100, 112 , 118 -19, 134 , 169 -70, 182 -85, 194 -97, 205 -7, 219 -21, 228 -29, 232 , 242 , 266 , 275 , 279 , 282 ;

and poetry, 16 , 25 , 28 -29, 80 , 280 -85;

Porphyry and tradition of commentary on, 63 ,

― 361 ―

255 -56;

role of dialogues in transmission of Homer, 37 -43, 99 -100, 180 -81, 205 -6, 235 -37, 250 -53, 261 , 285 -86;

as source for Latin authors, 289 -90;

treatment of by Numenius, 55 -73;

treatment of by Plotinus, 86 ;

treatment of Homer as divine by, 2 -3, 136 , 181 -85, 195 , 282 ;

use of dialogues in interpretation, 300 -1.

See also Myths; Neoplatonism; Platonism; Socrates

Platonism, ix , 13 -14, 16 , 128 , 133 n140;

Dionysian, 283 -84, 287 -88 (see also Dionysius the Areopagite);

Middle, 46 , 49 , 53 -54, 82 n1, 250 ;

and Pythagoreanism, 34 -43, 128 , 177 , 210 , 270 -72;

and Pythagoreanism in Numenius, 60 -61, 75 ;

and Pythagoreanism in Porphyry, 30 , 84 -85, 115 -18.

See also Neoplatonism

Plotinus, 15 , 43 , 44 , 91 ;

allegorical interpretation of Heracles by, 100 -3;

allegorical interpretations of Odysseus by, 102 , 106 -7;

and Cronius, 85 ;

doctrine of souls in, 86 n15, 100 -7, 156 ;

Hesiodic myths in, 86 , 87 , 103 -6;

Homeric language in, 90 -103, 202 , 277 -79;

reconciliation of Homer and Plato by, 97 -100;

logos doctrine of, 87 -90, 165 -66;

negative theology of, 90 ;

Neoplatonism of, 83 -85, 162 -64;

and Numenius, 61 , 83 -85, 93 , 99 , 102 , 104 ;

oracle on fate of soul of, 153 ;

and Philo, 85 ;

Platonic language in, 40 , 85 -90, 164 -73;

and Porphyry, 83 -84, 111 -12, 131 , 132 , 256 ;

Pythagorean elements in, 82 , 101 -3;

as source for later authors, 289

Plutarch, ix , 21 n54, 23 , 38 , 40 -41, 185 , 231 n269, 248 , 320 , 322

Polemon, 56

Polyphemus, 130 -31

Porphyry, 35 , 42 , 53 , 143 , 197 , 212 , 250 , 304 ;

allegory in, 115 , 120 -21, 127 , 129 ;

association with Longinus, 110 -12;

attitudes toward earlier literature, 14 ;

and Christianity, 30 , 82 , 160 -61;

commentary on Plato's Republic , 319 (see also Er, myth of);

defense of Homer by, 19 , 121 -24;

doctrine of souls in, 73 -74, 113 -19, 121 , 132 , 200 -1 (see also Homer, Odyssey : cave of the nymphs);

Homeric interpretations by, 64 , 108 -33 (see also Homer, Odyssey : cave of the nymphs);

Homeric Questions of, 108 -14, 198 ;

and Numenius, 55 , 61 , 66 , 109 -11, 128 -30, 256 , 319 ;

and Platonism, 30 , 65 n68;

and Plotinus, 83 -84, 111 -12, 131 , 132 , 256 ;

and Proclus, 174 -75, 178 -79;

and Pythagoreanism, 30 , 112 , 115 , 118 -19;

as source for later authors, 255 -56, 265 -66, 279 , 289 ;

The Styx , 113 -19, 121 ;

use of theologos , 24 , 27 , 29 , 30 -31

Poseidon, 65 , 219 n230, 227 , 228 , 231

Posidonius, 251 , 265

Praechter, K., 120 -21, 272 -73

Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius, 249 , 262 -67

Priam, 5 , 18 , 215

Proclus, viii , 3 , 25 n70, 30 , 129 n130, 158 , 197 -99, 244 -48;

attitudes toward earlier literature, 14 , 180 -83;

attribution of Chrestomathy to, 177 -78, 181 n65, 201 -2;

classification of types of poetry by, 188 -97, 258 -59;

commentary on Euclid by, 30 -31, 173 , 224 -25;

commentary on Plato's Parmenides by, 225 -26;

commentary on Plato's Republic by, 66 -71, 164 , 170 , 175 , 178 -79, 181 -97, 199 , 226 -32, 318 (see also Er, myth of);

commentary on Plato's Timaeus by, 30 , 65 , 167 -69, 175 , 176 , 181 , 189 , 190 n99, 199 n143, 221 , 228 -29, 312 -14 (text);

defense of Homer by, 19 , 64 n66, 70 , 140 , 153 -54, 163 -64, 169 -70, 172 -73, 178 -79, 181 -97, 208 , 216 , 226 , 230 , 235 ;

demonology in, 98 -99, 217 -21, 226 -32, 258 -59;

interpretation of Iliad by, 199 -221, 315 -17;

interpretation of Odyssey by, 221 -32, 315 -17;

life of, 162 -63, 174 -76;

Neo-platonic doctrines in, 162 -71, 188 -97;

and Numenius, 66 -71, 73 -74;

physical allegory in, 219 -21;

and Porphyry, 164 , 170 , 174 -75, 178 -79;

Pythagorean thought in, 39 -40, 209 -10, 216 -18;

and theologoi , 30 -31;

use of Homer's blindness by, 8 , 9 -10, 177 n51, 196 , 199 -200, 211

― 362 ―

Procopius of Gaza, 160

Prometheus, 103 -4

Proteus, viii , 17 , 37 , 172 , 226 -27

Prudentius, x , 145 -48, 158 , 283 , 290

Ps.-Dionysius, 232 n270, 246 -47

Ps.-Plutarch, 11 n27, 14 , 20 n52, 36 n125, 41 , 110 , 112 -13, 118 , 251 -53, 268 , 320 , 322

Pythagoreanism, ix , 2 , 9 , 15 , 19 , 21 , 237 , 238 ;

allegorical interpretations in, 31 -43, 73 -75, 115 , 178 , 270 -72, 320 -24;

doctrine of souls in, 73 -74, 101 -2, 118 -19, 271 ;

Philolaus as source on, 28 ;

sects in, 36 ;

use of Plato's myths by, 38 , 128 .

See also Numenius; Platonism; Plotinus; Porphyry; Proclus

R

Rahner, H., 242 , 243

Raphael, 8 -9

Renaissance, x , 1 , 9 , 20 , 146 , 186 n81, 223 , 234 , 240

Rhea, 223 -14

Rhetoric, 20 , 40 , 57 , 287 , 193 , 201 , 268 , 273

Richard of St.-Victor, 287

Ricoeur, E, 302

Romances, Greek, 148 -53, 157 , 160

Ross, D., 165

Rufinus, 263

S

Sallustius, 239 -43, 148 , 171 , 188

Sappho, 176

Sarpedon, 215 n214

Satire, 55 , 58 -59, 220 -21, 275 , 286

Saturnalia of Macrobius. See Macrobius

Schlegel, E, 301

Schleiermacher, E, 301

Scholia on Homer, ix , 20 , 32 , 38 , 52 , 94 , 112 , 114 , 194 n124, 198 , 219 , 254 , 320 -24

School of Chartres. See Chartres, School of

Schrader, H., 208 , 110

Scipio, dream of (in Cicero's De re publica ): commentary by Favonius Eulogius, 272 -73;

commentary by Macrobius, 66 , 71 , 249 , 269 -73, 289 , 318 -19

Second Sophistic, 57 , 193 , 201

Seneca, 13

Servius, 224 n246, 250 , 262 -64, 269 -70, 282

Severus, 84

Sheppard, A., 185 n77, 290 -91, 200 , 201 n150, 208 n180, 210 n189, 214 -15, 247 , 304 n14

Sibyl, 248

Simonides, 29

Sirens, 7 , 10 , 37 , 52 , 230 -32, 243 , 275 , 281 , 295

Skylla, 51

Socrates: attitudes toward myth and poetry, 23 , 25 , 102 , 224 , 140 , 180 -85, 196 , 197 , 237 , 243 ;

condemnation of Homer by, 16 -29, 70 , 200 , 124 , 153 -54, 172 -73, 182 -85, 196 -97, 198 , 215 -26, 260 ;

etymological speculations and, 38 -39, 165 -66, 214 ;

in text of Philip the Philosopher, 307 ;

on uses of texts, 21 , 159 , 252 , 300 -1;

as voice of Plato, 64 -65.

See also Plato

Sodano, A. R., 108

Solon, 176

Sontag, S., 299

Sophistic, Second. See Second Sophistic

Spercheios, 18

Speusippus, 34 , 39

Stesichorus, 195 -96

Stobaeus, 42 , 109 , 113 -15

Stoicism, ix , 13 -24, 21 , 40 -41, 56 , 94 , 109 , 251 , 260 n105;

allegorical interpretation in, 25 , 81 , 143 , 164 n5, 210 n291, 219 , 260 , 265 -66;

as source for Philo's allegorizing, 45 -51, 75 -76;

theology in, 26 , 261

Strabo, 24 , 26 -27, 121 , 122 , 138

Structuralism, 201

Styx, The. See Porphyry

Suda , 64 n66, 176 , 177

Symmachus, 263 , 267 -68

Synesius, 144 n1

Syrianus, 134 , 164 n5, 176 -77, 197 -98, 200 , 206 , 208 , 210 , 244

T

Tate, J., 2

Taylor, T., x , 301 -2

Telemachus, 7 n13

Telephus of Pergamon, 16

Tethys, 252

Thales, 252

Theagenes and Chariclea. See Heliodorus; Philip the Philosopher

― 363 ―

Theagenes of Rhegium, 15 , 32 , 322

Themis, 219

Theoclymenus, 2

Theodoret, 65 n68, 260

Theophanes the Keramite, 148 n12

Theophilus of Edessa, 238

Thetis, 17 , 203 , 215 n214, 250 n63, 265 , 277

Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 240 , 241 , 260 n105, 289

Thrasyllus, 84

Tigerstedt, E. N., 34 n114

Timon of Phlius, 58

Tiresias, 2 , 8 , 10 , 22 , 130 , 132 . See also Homer

Trojan War: as metaphor, 19 , 100 , 199 -202, 221 , 260 n105, 294 ;

as poetic fiction, 285 , 287 , 294 -95;

in Origen, 81

Trouillard, J., 167

U

Ulysses (Ulixes), 274 , 281 -82, 296 . See also Odysseus

V

Varro, 45 , 46 , 260

Victorinus, Marius, 249 , 256 -57

Virgil, 13 , 146 , 147 , 233 -34, 235 , 274 ;

in Dante, 288 -90, 292 -97;

and Homer, 294 -97;

Macrobius's treatment of, 264 , 267 -70;

as philosopher, 285 -87.

See also Allegory; Augustine of Hippo; Servius

W

Wallis, R. T., 86

Walzer, R., 240 -41

Wolfson, H. A., 284

X

Xanthus, 219 , 220

Xenocrates, 34 , 169

Xenophanes of Colophon, 11 , 15 , 35 , 49 , 260

Y

Yeats, W. B., 206

Z

Zeller, E., 34

Zeno, 56 , 58 -59

Zeus, 99 ;

allegorical treatment of, 219 -21, 231 , 238 , 246 -47;

birth of, 104 -6;

and Pandarus, 17 ;

as solar deity, 137 , 265 -66, 278 -79.

See also Homer, Iliad ; Jupiter; Kronos

Ziehen, L., 24

Preferred Citation: Lamberton, Robert. Homer the Theologian: Neoplatonist Allegorical Reading and the Growth of the Epic Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1986 1986. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7g50089t/

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