II. Find the correct word from the box below to complete each sentence.

Innovation

I. Give the Russian equivalents:

1. brainwave; 2. efficient; 3. pointless; 4. feasible; 5. ridiculous; 6. beneficial; 7. (un) economical; 8. (im) practical; 9. viable; 10. marketable; 11. ingenious; 12. to break new ground; ground-breaking; 13. to innovate; innovator; product innovation; to implement innovation; 14. to develop; developer; 15. competitive advantage; 16. commercial success; 17. technical expertise; 18. established corporation (company); 19. to make modifications into; 20. to build a prototype; 21. to have an impact (on smb); 22. to brainstorm ideas; 23. to carry out tests; 24. to come up with ideas, solutions; 25. to place an order for smth; with smb; 26. wasteful; 27. setback.

II. Find the correct word from the box below to complete each sentence.

The idea of a lone inventor who makes a ___ or has a sudden clever idea or ___ is maybe a little out of date today. While these types of ___ do still exist, these days companies often have large ___ departments – teams of people who are constantly innovating and perfecting designs. Perhaps they begin with a ___ and then build a ___ , or working model. Sometimes during testing there is a ___ when it becomes clear the design has a fault. At this point maybe it is time to start again or go back to the ___ . More work is done and there is a ___ - a solution is found. The product can be retested and then, hopefully, manufactured. The company will apply for a ___ for the design so that others cannot copy it and steal the idea.

drawing board discovery breakthrough prototype setback pioneers brainwave R&D (research and development) patent concept

III. Complete the sentences using active words & combinations:

1. If an invention is … , it uses too much time, energy or money.

2. We have made a number … the latest version and it meets the most up-to-date requirements.

3. A … idea, method or product is completely new and involves great changer.

4. V&L has applied for a … on it new graphic interface.

5. It is not sensible to register this invention as the whole idea is silly and … .

6. Scientists say the new drug represents a major … in the fight against AIDS.

7. A steam engine was not … by James Watt – his contribution was to make key improvements to the original design.

8. The process at invention is not as straightforward as it seems. When a prototype is developed there are often difficulties and … .

9. Most technology based companies have to … to stay in business, because in order to remain competitive, they have to continually develop new generations at their technology.

10. The marketing skills and … at established corporations enable them to develop innovation ideas in the most … way.

IV. Match the terms and definitions:

marketable	possible and likely to work
brainstorming ideas	to design and develop new and original products
brainwave	a way of developing new ideas and solving problems by having a meeting where everyone makes suggestions and these are discussed
to break new ground	when new or better products are designed and developed; or the new or better product itself
setback	using thing such as money, material or energy that is not sensible or effective
breakthrough	easily sold because people and organizations want it
product innovation	having a lot of clever new ideas and being good at inventing things
ingenious	a sudden inspirational, bright idea
wasteful	special practical knowledge, skills, or methods, especially in industrial or scientific work
blueprint	to do smth completely new that no one has ever done before or discover something new about a subject
technical expertise	a detailed plan or scheme
feasible	something that delays the progress or development of a plan, activity, product
innovate	an important development that may lead to an achievement and expand the limits of human knowledge

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 3823

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