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II. Find the correct word from the box below to complete each sentence.
Innovation
I. Give the Russian equivalents:
1. brainwave; 2. efficient; 3. pointless; 4. feasible; 5. ridiculous; 6. beneficial; 7. (un) economical; 8. (im) practical; 9. viable; 10. marketable; 11. ingenious; 12. to break new ground; ground-breaking; 13. to innovate; innovator; product innovation; to implement innovation; 14. to develop; developer; 15. competitive advantage; 16. commercial success; 17. technical expertise; 18. established corporation (company); 19. to make modifications into; 20. to build a prototype; 21. to have an impact (on smb); 22. to brainstorm ideas; 23. to carry out tests; 24. to come up with ideas, solutions; 25. to place an order for smth; with smb; 26. wasteful; 27. setback.
II. Find the correct word from the box below to complete each sentence.
The idea of a lone inventor who makes a ___ or has a sudden clever idea or ___ is maybe a little out of date today. While these types of ___ do still exist, these days companies often have large ___ departments – teams of people who are constantly innovating and perfecting designs. Perhaps they begin with a ___ and then build a ___ , or working model. Sometimes during testing there is a ___ when it becomes clear the design has a fault. At this point maybe it is time to start again or go back to the ___ . More work is done and there is a ___ - a solution is found. The product can be retested and then, hopefully, manufactured. The company will apply for a ___ for the design so that others cannot copy it and steal the idea.
| drawing board discovery breakthrough prototype setback pioneers brainwave R&D (research and development) patent concept |
III. Complete the sentences using active words & combinations:
1. If an invention is … , it uses too much time, energy or money.
2. We have made a number … the latest version and it meets the most up-to-date requirements.
3. A … idea, method or product is completely new and involves great changer.
4. V&L has applied for a … on it new graphic interface.
5. It is not sensible to register this invention as the whole idea is silly and … .
6. Scientists say the new drug represents a major … in the fight against AIDS.
7. A steam engine was not … by James Watt – his contribution was to make key improvements to the original design.
8. The process at invention is not as straightforward as it seems. When a prototype is developed there are often difficulties and … .
9. Most technology based companies have to … to stay in business, because in order to remain competitive, they have to continually develop new generations at their technology.
10. The marketing skills and … at established corporations enable them to develop innovation ideas in the most … way.
IV. Match the terms and definitions:
| marketable | possible and likely to work |
| brainstorming ideas | to design and develop new and original products |
| brainwave | a way of developing new ideas and solving problems by having a meeting where everyone makes suggestions and these are discussed |
| to break new ground | when new or better products are designed and developed; or the new or better product itself |
| setback | using thing such as money, material or energy that is not sensible or effective |
| breakthrough | easily sold because people and organizations want it |
| product innovation | having a lot of clever new ideas and being good at inventing things |
| ingenious | a sudden inspirational, bright idea |
| wasteful | special practical knowledge, skills, or methods, especially in industrial or scientific work |
| blueprint | to do smth completely new that no one has ever done before or discover something new about a subject |
| technical expertise | a detailed plan or scheme |
| feasible | something that delays the progress or development of a plan, activity, product |
| innovate | an important development that may lead to an achievement and expand the limits of human knowledge |
Date: 2015-12-17; view: 3997
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