![]() CATEGORIES: BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism |
Arithmetic and Logical UnitThis unit is responsible for performing various Arithmetic operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and relational operations such as equal to, greater than , less than, greater than or not equal to and logical operation etc.
Primary Memory Unit The main or primary memory stores information (instruction and data) The memory unit is divided into v Random Access Memory (RAM) v Read Only Memory(ROM) RAM Random Access Memory is used for primary storage in computers to hold active information of data and instructions. Figure 2.6 RAM (Random Access Mamory)
ROM (Read Only Memory) is used to store the instructions provided by the manufacturer, which holds the instructions to check basic hardware interconnector and to load operating system from appropriate storage device.
Figure 2.7 ROM (Read Only Mamory) . Units of Memory The elementary unit of memory is a bit. A group of 4 bits is called a nibble and a group of 8 bits is called a byte. One byte is the minimum space required to store one character. Other units of memory are: 1 KB(Kilo Byte) = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes 1 MB(Mega Byte) = 210 KB = 1024 KB 1 GB(Giga Byte) = 210 MB = 1024 MB 1 TB(Tera Byte) = 210 GB = 1024 GB 1 PB(Peta Byte) = 210 TB = 1024 TB
Output Devices These are used to display results on video display or are used to print the result. These can also be used to store the result for further use.
Figure 2.8 Other Output Devices Communication Bus In computer architecture, a bus is a system that transfers data between computer components or between computers.
Address Bus This is a system of bus, which is used to specify the address of a memory location. The width of a bus determines the number of memory locations that can be addressed. For example a system with 64-bit address bus can address 264 memory locations.
Data Bus This system of bus is a medium, which transfer the data from one place to another in a computer system.
Control Bus This system of bus carries the signals that give the report about the status of a device. For ex one wire of bus indicates whether the CPU is currently reading or writing from the main memory.
Date: 2015-12-17; view: 932
|