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II. The Past Simple and the Present Perfect Simple as VariantsThe Past Simple and the Present Perfect are used with little or no difference in the following cases:
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I. The Formation. The Present Perfect Continuous is formed by means of the Present Perfect Tense of the auxiliary verb 'to be' and Participle I of the notional verb.
II. The Use of the Present Perfect Continuous. It is used: 1) to denote an action which began in the past, continued into the present and is still going on. (the Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive) · I have been writing since I came. · What have you been doing since I have been away? 2) to denote an action which was in progress quite recently but it is no longer going on at the moment of speaking though its effects tell on the present situation in some way. (the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive) · I am sorry. I am late. Have you been waiting long? · Your eyes are red. Have you been weeping? 3) to denote repeated actions. · I have been meeting her at the library. · People have been phoning me all day. 4) with emotional colouring to express anger, irritation, and annoyance. · Oh, my dear, I have been loving you since I saw you. · Who has been reading my business papers? 5) to denote a future action in adverbial clauses of time. · I will know the city well after I have been staying here for a month. III. The Present Perfect Continuous vs. the Present Perfect Simple.
Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1418
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