Exercise 9. Read the text without a dictionary and give it a title. Render it in Russian.

Various species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that are connected as food and food consumers. Each of the successive feeding links consists of organisms that consume those of the preceding link in the chain. The number of links or sets of species in a food chain is usually no more than four or five.

At the base of every food chain are the producer species - the autotrophic organisms which synthesize organic matter. These are primarily green plants, consisting of water, inorganic salts, and carbon dioxide, that synthesize organic matter by assimilating the energy of sunlight.

The next link in a food chain consists of the consumer species - the heterotrophic organisms that consume organic matter. The primary consumers are herbivorous animals that feed on grass, seeds, fruit, the underground portion of plants (roots, tubers, and bulbs), and even, in the case of some insects, wood.

Exercise 10. Choose one of natural ecosystems and tell about it. Use one of the following links:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecosystems

UNIT FOUR

Land pollution

Exercise 1. Find the pronunciation of the following words and abbreviations, get ready to read them.

misuse, causes, health, hazard, urban, exploitation, inadequate, agricultural, urbanization, series, diseases, both, mechanization, combustion, engine, infrastructure, visual, high, viable, wildlife, hedgerow, harvested, machinery, consequence, nutrients, foreign, pesticide, mixture, agent, virus, bacteria, antimicrobial, disinfectant, device, against, although, toxicity, especially, pavement, auxin, biodegradable, however, derived, trinitrotoluene, impurity, dioxin, insecticide, damage, first, century, organochlorine, Aldrin, Dieldrin, BHC, persistent, usage, nervous, endocrine, organophosphate, e.g., parathion, methyl, available, disrupted, aquatic, vegetation, acid, drainage, residential, vermin, liquid, leachate.

Exercise 2. Do you know the following words in Russian?

degradation, industrial, exploitation, adequate, practice, urbanization, industrialization, result, revolution, concentration, number, infrastructure, visual, mechanization, economically, farmer, intensive, monoculture, pesticide, mixture, agent, virus, antimicrobial, disinfectant, herbicide, dioxin, toxic, fatality, insecticide, group, synthetic, effect, endocrine, system, methyl, project, nation.

Exercise 3. Read the text and fill the gaps with the sentences under the text. Translate the text. Choose an abstract of ten lines and get ready to read it aloud.

Land pollution

Land pollution is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often ______________. The causes of land pollution are health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices. Urbanization and industrialization also result in land pollution. The Industrial Revolution set a series of events __________, causing diseases in both humans and other species of animals.

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1176