Affirmative Interrogative Negative

I am reading am I reading? I am not reading

He is reading is he reading? He is not reading

She is reading is she reading? She is not reading

We are reading are we reading? We are not reading

You are reading are you reading? You are not reading

They are reading are they reading? They are not reading

3. The contracted affirmative forms are:

I’m reading

She’s reading

We’re reading

4. The contracted negative forms are:

She isn’t reading

We aren’t reading

5. The negative- interrogative forms are:

Am I not reading?

Is she not reading?

Isn’t she reading?

Are you not reading?

Aren’t you reading?

II. SPELLING NOTES

1. When a verb ends in a single e, this e is dropped before in:

Argue, arguing

Hate, hating

Love, loving

Except after age, dye and singe:

Ageing

Dyeing

Singeing

and verbs ending in ее:

agree, agreeing

see, seeing

When a verb of one syllable has one vowel and ends in a single consonant, this consonant is

doubled before -ing:

hit, hitting

run, running

stop, stopping

Verbs of two or more syllables whose last syllable contains only one vowel and ends in a

single consonant double this consonant if the stress falls on the last syllable:

admit, admitting

begin, beginning

prefer,preferring

but

budget, budgeting

enter, entering

(stress not on the last syllable).

A final 1 after a single vowel is, however, always doubled:

signal, signalling

travel, travelling

(except in American English.)

3. -ing can be added to a verb ending in у without affecting the spelling of the verb:

carry, carrying

enjoy, enjoying

hurry, hurrying

III. The Present Continuous Tense is used to denote:

1. actions or events which are in progress at the moment of speaking. To emphasize this, we often use adverbials like now, at the moment, just, etc.:

Someone's knocking at the door. Can you answer it?

What are you doing? - I'm just tying up my shoe-laces.

He's working at the moment, so he can't come to the telephone.

What's the baby doing? ~ He's tearing up a £5 note

Actions in progress are seen as uncompleted.

He is talking to his girlfriend on the phone.

We can emphasize the idea of duration with still.

He is stilltalking to his girlfriend on the phone.

The Present Continuous can be used to denote a certain state or quality peculiar to

The person at a given moment.

You are being nervous.

2. for an action happening about this time but not necessarily at the moment of speaking:

He is teaching French and learning Greek.

Indications of time are not necessary.

They are getting ready to move to their new house.

3. for a definite arrangement in the near future (the most usual way of expressing one's immediate plans):

I'm meeting Peter tonight. He is taking me to the theatre.

He is having a meeting with the boss this afternoon.

Note that the time of the action must always be mentioned, as otherwise there might be confusion between present and future meanings, come and go, however, can be used in this way without a time expression.

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1409