Irregular forms of the degrees of comparison of adverbs

well – better – best

badly – worse – worst

much – more – most

little – less – least

far – farther/further – farthest/furthest

43. What groups of adverbs do you know?

Adverbs may be subdivided into the following groups:

Adverbs of time and frequency

now, then, after, before, yesterday, tomorrow, often, always, seldom, ever, never, already, still, etc.

Adverbs of place or direction

outside, inside, up, down, here, there, forward, backward, north, south, etc.

Adverbs of manner

well, badly, quickly, slowly, kindly, beautifully, etc.

Adverbs of measure or degree

half, much, little, nearly, almost, quite, hardly, exceedingly, enough, too, rather, etc.

Interrogative adverbs

where, when, why, how

Sometimes we also speak about “connective adverbs”, such as:

otherwise, however, nevertheless, still, therefore

44. What is the position of the adverbs in the sentence?

The position of the adverb in the sentence is relatively free, especially that of adverbs denoting time, place or manner of the action. Adverbs denoting frequency are generally placed before the verb to which they refer or, if the form of the verb is analytical, after the first auxiliary.

He often went there.

He has often gone there.

Adverbs of degree are placed directly before the word they modify.

He spokeveryslowly.

Adverbs denoting direction are placed immediately after the word they modify.

He went forward.

Interrogative adverbs are placed at the head of the sentence (the word order in this case will be inverted).

When (Where) did he do it?

45. What adverbs form degrees of comparison synthetically?

One-syllable adverbs (see 42).

46. What adverbs form degrees of comparison analytically?

Two-syllable and many-syllable adverbs (see 42).

47. Word order – adverbs with a verb.

Some adverbs (for example, always, probably, also) go with the verb in the middle of a sentence.

Rules for the position of adverbs in the middle of a sentence (they are only general rules, so there are exceptions):

1) If the verb is one word (goes/fell/cooked etc.), the adverb usually goes before the verb. These adverbs (always/often/also etc.) go before have to:

· I always have to phone him. (not ‘I have always to phone’)

2) But adverbs go after am/is/are/was/were:

· You’re neveron time.

3) If the verb is two or more words (can remember/doesn’t smoke/has been stolen etc.), the adverb goes after the first verb (can/doesn’t/has etc.):

· I’s already falling down

Note that probably goes before the negative:

· I probably won’t see you. or I will probably not see you (not ‘I won’t probably’)

Semantic groups of pronouns.

According to their meaning pronouns are generally subdivided into:

Personal

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Possessive

my (mine), your (yours), etc.

Demonstrative

this, that, these, those

Indefinite

each, either, both, some, any, etc.

Negative

neither, nobody, nothing, none

Reflexive

myself, yourself, etc.

Interrogative

who, what, whose, which

Reciprocal

each other, one another

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1475