| is used with
a) the verbs
of speech:
| to say
to report
to inform
| She is said to write a new novel.
They are reported to have left London.
Hewas informedto have arrived in Kyiv.
|
| verbs denoting: b) mental
activity:
| to consider
to believe
to think
to find
to know
to expect
to suppose
| He isconsidered to be a good speaker.
He is believed to know English.
He was thought to have gone.
They are found to be unfit for service.
History is known to repeat itself.
She is expected to come any minute.
He is supposed to know these things.
|
| c) perceptions
of senses
| to see
to hear
to feel
to watch
to observe
to notice
| He was seen to cross the street.
She was heard to mention your name.
She was felt to be suffering.
He was watched to dance in the hall.
The woman was observed to follow him.
He was noticed to unlock the door.
|
| d) order,
request,
permission,
advice,
compulsion:
| to order
to ask
to allow
to advise
to force
to make
| They were ordered to go to bed.
She was asked to come on Monday.
I wasn’t allowed to watch the film.
We were advised not to drink the water.
He was forced to give up this work.
He was made to repeat the rule.
|
| e) with
the verbs
| to seem
to appear
to happen
to chance
to prove
to turn out
| The child seems to be asleep.
He appears to know a lot of things.
I happened to see him yesterday.
He chanced to have recognized me.
Your advice proved to be very useful.
He turned out to be a good friend.
|
| f) with
the expressions:
| to be likely
to be unlikely
to be sure
to be certain
| They are likely to come here.
He is unlikely to come tomorrow.
He is sure to go hunting.
He is sure to ring you up.
|
| Form
| Transitive verbs
| Intransitive verbs
|
| Active voice
| Passive voice
| Active voice
|
| Participle I (Present Participle)
| writing
| being written
| going
|
| Participle II (Past Participle)
| ¾
| written
| gone
|
| Perfect Participle
| having written
| having been written
| having gone
|
| Seeing that I was late I hurried. Be careful while crossing the street. Being left alone I went on with my work. She tried to calm the cryingchild. Not knowing what to say he kept silent.
| Participle I(ActiveandPassive)denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb.
|
| Having writtenthe letter he went to post it. Having finished their classes the students went home.
| Perfect Participle(ActiveandPassive) denotes an action prior to that of the finite verb.
|
| Being askedfor her opinion she blushed. Having been shown the wrong direction he lost his way.
| PerfectandNon-Perfect Participle(Passive) denotes a passive action.
|
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