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Alexander Graham Bell TelephoneBritish inventor who went to live Apparatus with which people can in Canada and then in the USA. talk to each other over long distances Bell invented the telephone. The telephone was invented by Bell.
Now let’s compare these two sentences from the examples: Bell invented the telephone. The telephonewas invented by Bell.
The two sentences have the same meaning, but they are about different The new information comes at the end of the sentence. We say Bell invented
When the subject is the person or thing doing the action (the agent), then we Compare: Active (about Bell): Passive (about the telephone)
Subject & agent Subject Agent The subject of the passive sentence is the same as the object of the active
B. We often prefer to put longer and ‘heavier’ expressions at the end of a Mary’s bahaviour annoyed me. (Or: I was annoyed byMary’s behaviour.) I was annoyed by Mary wanting to tell everybody else what to do. The first sentence can easily be active or passive. But if the second sentence
C. Passive structures are also used when we want to talk about an action, but Those pyramids were built around A.D.400. D. Passives are very common in scientific writing, and other kinds of Bananas are exported to the USA. Payment can be made at any post office. The passive is often used in news reports: A number of political prisoners have been released. Negotiations will be held in London next week.
7. The Passive is Used: A. When it is not necessary to mention the doer of the action as it is obvious The streets are swept every day. You will be X-rayed. B. When we don’t know, or don’t know exactly, or have forgotten who did the The minister was murdered. I’ve been told that... C. When there is an ‘empty’ subject of an active verb such as you, one, they, Active Passive You/One should check the details. The details should be checked. They’re increasing the rents. The rents are being increased. People use this footpath every day. This footpath is used every day. Someone took my purse. My purse was taken. The passive form is more usual here, though in colloquial speech we can use D. When we are more interested in the action than the person who does it: The house next door has been bought (by a Mr Jones). If, however, we know Mr Jones, we would use the active: Your father’s friend, Mr Jones, has bought the house next door. E. The passive may be used to avoid an awkward or ungrammatical sentence. F. The passive is sometimes preferred for psychological reasons. The speaker This letter has been opened! instead of You’ve opened this letter! 8. Passive Sentences with or without by: A. In a passive sentence, when we want to say who or what did the action, we We were stopped by the police. The paper was all blown away by the wind. In a passive sentence we mention the agent, the person or thing doing the 1. the agent does not add any new information: The money was stolen. The men were arrested last night. We do not need to say that the money was stolen by a thief or that the men 2. the agent is not important: Oil has been discovered in Bavaria. Who discovered the oil is less important than the fact that it is there. 3. it is difficult to say who the agent is: This kind of jacket is considered very smart. A number of attempts have been made to find the Loch Ness monster. B. We can give other details about the action. For example, when we want to say The telephone was invented in 1876. The visitors will be driven to the airport. The concerts are held at the university. C. After some past participles which are used like adjectives (to describe a state She was frightened by a mouse that ran into the room. I’ve always been terribly frightened of spiders. D. Withis used when we talk about an instrument which helps the agent to do He was shot with a revolver. Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1328
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