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NON-PRODUCTIVE SUFFIXES IN MODERN ENGLISH
A SHORT GUIDE IN ENGLISH AFFIXATION
PRODUCTIVE SUFFIXES IN MODERN ENGLISH
NATIVE
| -dom kingdom | the meaning of collectivity | Germanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -er teacher | the agent of action | Germanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ing learning | the act of doing | Germanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ling hireling | the idea of diminutiveness, depreciation | Germanic, noun-forming, evaluative |
| -ie, -y antie | the idea of diminutiveness | Germanic, noun-forming, evaluative |
| -ness goodness | the idea of state, condition | Germanic, noun-forming |
| -ful thankful | the idea of presence of some quality | Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral |
| -less powerless | the idea of absence of some quality | Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral |
| -ish reddish | the idea of being similar to depreciatory (often) | Germanic, adjective-forming, sometimes evaluative |
| -like lifelike | the idea of being similar to having the characteristics of | Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral |
| -ly womanly | the idea of having the appearance of, manner of | Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral |
| -en blacken | the idea of making into or making like | Germanic, verb-forming, neutral |
BORROWED
| -ĺĺ,-ey,-ó trustee | the idea of an object of the action | Romanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ess poetess | the idea of feminine derivatives | Romanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -let booklet | the idea of diminutiveness | Romanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ry, -ery machinery | the idea of collectivity | Romanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -tion organization | the idea of action, state or result | Romanic, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ism atheism | the idea of system, trend, theory, movement | Greek, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ist dramatist | the idea of a person advocating a doctrine, a system, etc. | Greek, noun-forming, neutral |
| -ite socialite | the idea of belonging to | Greek, noun-forming, neutral |
| -able drinkable | the idea of ability to an action | Romanic, adjective-forming, neutral |
| -al logical | the idea of being the kind of | Romanic, adjective-forming, neutral |
| -ize, -ise organize | the idea of conforming to or charging | Romanic, verb-forming, neutral |
NON-PRODUCTIVE SUFFIXES IN MODERN ENGLISH
NATIVE
| -hood boyhood | the idea of being in general state | Germanic, noun-forming |
| -ship clerkship | the idea of state, condition or profession | Germanic, noun-forming |
| -ster gangster | the idea of a person with a depreciatory meaning | Germanic, noun-forming, evaluative |
| -th length | the idea of state or quality | Germanic, noun-forming |
| -y perjury | the idea of the result of the action | Germanic, noun-forming |
| -y crafty | the idea of being full of, characterized by | Germanic, adjective-forming |
BORROWED
| -age marriage | the idea of act, process, collection or person | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -an, -ian guardian | the idea of belonging to following a certain doctrine | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ence, -ance obedience | the idea of action or indicating state or quality | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ant, -ent servant, student | the idea of a person acting as an agent | Romanic, noun- and adjective-forming |
| -ard, -art drunkard, coward | the idea of a person (with intensive, contemptuous shades of meaning) | Romanic, noun-forming, evaluative |
| -er officer | the idea of a person connected with some sort of activity | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -eer profiteer | the idea of an agent (with intensification of meaning) | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -cy diplomacy | the idea of state, condition, office | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ion opinion | the idea of abstract notions | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ive affirmative | the idea of having a nature or quality of a thing | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ence existence | the idea of action, state, quality, degree | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ment payment | the idea of state, process, condition | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -or actor | the idea of agent of the action or a person | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ry, -ery poetry | the idea of collectivity | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ty liberty | the idea of quality, state or condition | Romanic, noun-forming |
| -ic, -ics music, phonetics | the idea of quality in the “manner of”, “pertaining to” | Greek, noun-forming |
| -ine heroine | the idea of feminine quality | Greek, noun-forming |
| -y academy | the idea of abstract quality | Greek, noun-forming |
| -ary ordinary | the idea of pertaining to, of the nature of | Romanic, adjective-forming |
| -ese Japanese | the idea of belonging to certain place or a country | Romanic, adjective-forming |
| -ic Celtic, domestic | the idea of pertaining to or belonging to | Romanic, adjective-forming |
| -ive talkative | the idea of having a tendency to, character or quality of | Romanic, adjective-forming |
| -ous glorious | the idea of having the nature of, full of | Romanic, adjective-forming |
| -ate graduate | the idea of causation | Romanic, verb-forming |
| -fy intensify | the idea of bringing to a certain state | Romanic, verb-forming |
Date: 2015-12-11; view: 3646
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