| NON-PRODUCTIVE SUFFIXES IN MODERN ENGLISHA SHORT GUIDE IN ENGLISH AFFIXATION
PRODUCTIVE SUFFIXES IN MODERN ENGLISH
NATIVE
| -dom
kingdom
| the meaning of collectivity
| Germanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -er
teacher
| the agent of action
| Germanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ing
learning
| the act of doing
| Germanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ling
hireling
| the idea of diminutiveness, depreciation
| Germanic, noun-forming, evaluative
| | -ie, -y
antie
| the idea of diminutiveness
| Germanic, noun-forming, evaluative
| | -ness
goodness
| the idea of state, condition
| Germanic, noun-forming
| | -ful
thankful
| the idea of presence of some quality
| Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral
| | -less
powerless
| the idea of absence of some quality
| Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral
| | -ish
reddish
| the idea of being similar to depreciatory (often)
| Germanic, adjective-forming, sometimes evaluative
| | -like
lifelike
| the idea of being similar to having the characteristics of
| Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral
| | -ly
womanly
| the idea of having the appearance of, manner of
| Germanic, adjective-forming, neutral
| | -en
blacken
| the idea of making into or making like
| Germanic, verb-forming, neutral
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BORROWED
| -ĺĺ,-ey,-ó
trustee
| the idea of an object of the action
| Romanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ess
poetess
| the idea of feminine derivatives
| Romanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -let
booklet
| the idea of diminutiveness
| Romanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ry, -ery
machinery
| the idea of collectivity
| Romanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -tion
organization
| the idea of action, state or result
| Romanic, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ism
atheism
| the idea of system, trend, theory,
movement
| Greek, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ist
dramatist
| the idea of a person advocating a
doctrine, a system, etc.
| Greek, noun-forming, neutral
| | -ite
socialite
| the idea of belonging to
| Greek, noun-forming, neutral
| | -able
drinkable
| the idea of ability to an action
| Romanic, adjective-forming, neutral
| | -al
logical
| the idea of being the kind of
| Romanic, adjective-forming, neutral
| | -ize, -ise
organize
| the idea of conforming to or charging
| Romanic, verb-forming, neutral
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NON-PRODUCTIVE SUFFIXES IN MODERN ENGLISH
NATIVE
| -hood
boyhood
| the idea of being in general state
| Germanic, noun-forming
| | -ship
clerkship
| the idea of state, condition or profession
| Germanic, noun-forming
| | -ster
gangster
| the idea of a person with a depreciatory meaning
| Germanic, noun-forming, evaluative
| | -th
length
| the idea of state or quality
| Germanic, noun-forming
| | -y
perjury
| the idea of the result of the action
| Germanic, noun-forming
| | -y
crafty
| the idea of being full of, characterized by
| Germanic, adjective-forming
| BORROWED
| -age
marriage
| the idea of act, process, collection or person
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -an, -ian
guardian
| the idea of belonging to following a certain doctrine
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ence, -ance
obedience
| the idea of action or indicating state or quality
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ant, -ent
servant, student
| the idea of a person acting as an agent
| Romanic, noun- and adjective-forming
| | -ard, -art
drunkard, coward
| the idea of a person (with intensive, contemptuous shades of meaning)
| Romanic, noun-forming, evaluative
| | -er
officer
| the idea of a person connected with some sort of activity
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -eer
profiteer
| the idea of an agent (with intensification of meaning)
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -cy
diplomacy
| the idea of state, condition, office
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ion
opinion
| the idea of abstract notions
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ive
affirmative
| the idea of having a nature or quality of a thing
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ence
existence
| the idea of action, state, quality, degree
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ment
payment
| the idea of state, process, condition
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -or
actor
| the idea of agent of the action or a person
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ry, -ery
poetry
| the idea of collectivity
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ty
liberty
| the idea of quality, state or condition
| Romanic, noun-forming
| | -ic, -ics
music, phonetics
| the idea of quality in the “manner of”, “pertaining to”
| Greek, noun-forming
| | -ine
heroine
| the idea of feminine quality
| Greek, noun-forming
| | -y
academy
| the idea of abstract quality
| Greek, noun-forming
| | -ary
ordinary
| the idea of pertaining to, of the nature of
| Romanic, adjective-forming
| | -ese
Japanese
| the idea of belonging to certain place or a country
| Romanic, adjective-forming
| | -ic
Celtic, domestic
| the idea of pertaining to or belonging to
| Romanic, adjective-forming
| | -ive
talkative
| the idea of having a tendency to, character or quality of
| Romanic, adjective-forming
| | -ous
glorious
| the idea of having the nature of, full of
| Romanic, adjective-forming
| | -ate
graduate
| the idea of causation
| Romanic, verb-forming
| | -fy
intensify
| the idea of bringing to a certain state
| Romanic, verb-forming
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Date: 2015-12-11; view: 3349
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