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MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 8 GREAT SCIENTISTS
Focus: Vocabulary Study: verbs to discover and to invent; science (general notion)
Focus: Great Scientists: Ernest Rutherford; Zhores Alferov – Nobel Prize Winner
Grammar focus: Uncountable nouns; the use of articles with abstract nouns
Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learning special terms; making a project.
I. Vocabulary Study:
1.Verbs: to discover and to invent
Nouns: a discoveryand invention.What is the difference?
Look at the examples below and choose the correct words to put into the sentences in the box.
· Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
· Early man probably discovered fire when lightning struck a tree and made a fire in the forest.
· Marie Curie discovered uranium.
· The Aztecs discovered the chocolate tree, growing in the rain forest many hundred years ago. Then they invented a drink made from the fruit of this tree.
· Many people say that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. But that’s not really true. There were people living there already, so they knew all about America!
· The word «robot» was invented by Karel Capek in 1921. Now everybody uses the word, but it was a new word then.
· The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930, but of course it had been in the sky for billions of years.
| When someone makes a __________, he or she finds something that already existed in our world. He or she _________ something new, but doesn’t create it. |
| When someone creates an __________ , he or she makes something new and useful. This idea or thing did not exist in the natural world before. He or she _________ something that no-one has ever thought before. |
Grammar Focus: Uncountable nouns - Articles
| Uncountable nouns are mass nouns which we can’t count. Uncountable nouns include: a) solid substances or many kinds of food:coal, earth, flour, sugar, meet, cheese, rice, etc. b)liquids, gases:water, coffee, oil, petrol, wine, tea, air, smoke, oxygen, , steam, hydrogen. c)materials:silicon, iron, copper, silver, gold, brass, plastic , glass, paper, wool, cotton. d) languages: English, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, Italian, Danish, Dutch, etc. e) abstract nouns:knowledge, education, information, power conductivity, voltage, etc. f) words whose equivalents in other languages might be regarded as countable nouns:research, money, cash, advice, news,behavior, harm, weather accommodation, garbage, litter, rubbish, hardware, software, equipment, machinery, furniture, progress, luggage, baggage, jewellery, cutlery, poetry, lightning, leisure, luck, fun. |
| Uncountable nouns: - always take singular verbs. e.g. Gold is more expensive than silver. – don’t go with a/an/one/two when talking about things in general. e.g. Fresh air is healthy. Water is good for you. – can be used alone or with some/any/much/little/my/the. e.g. Don’t forget to buy (some) coffee. |
| We use singular verb forms and no articles with words which refer to school subjects or scientific studies: chemistry, economics, mathematics (maths), physics, politics, electronics, biology, programming, engineering, geometry, geophysics, etc. |
2. 1) A basic knowledge of science or conscious thought is important for solving problems, but our unconscious minds often help in a surprising way.
Read the stories below and write the name of the person, their problem and what helped them to find the solution.
| Name | the problem | the chance helped with the great discovery |
2) Read the text again and put a, an, the or – in each gap.
Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1354
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