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The Future Continuous
| Positive Form | Negative Form | Question Form |
| I’ll (=will) + be + -ing | Iwon’t(=will not) + be + -ing | Willyoube + -ing? |
| I’ll be flying. | I won’t be flying. | Will you be flying? |
1 The Future Continuous is used for actions which will be in progress at a
stated future time.
This time next week he’ll be flying to Spain.
2 For actions which will definitely happen in the future, as a result of a
routine or arrangement. I’ll be seeing Jim at work later on today.
3 When we ask politely about someone’s plans for the near future, in order
to see if our wishes fit in with their plans.
‘Will you be going to the dentist this afternoon?’ ‘Yes. Why?’
‘Can you make an appointment for me to see him.’
The Future Perfect
| Positive Form | Negative Form | Question Form |
| I’ll (=will) + have + done | Iwon’t(=will not) + have + done | Willyou+ have + done? |
The Future Perfect is used for actions which will be finished before a stated future time. Wewill have returnedhome by Sunday afternoon.
The Future Perfect Continuous
| Positive Form | Negative Form | Question Form |
| I’ll (=will) + have + been + working | Iwon’t(=will not) + have + been +wor -ing | Will you + have + been + - ing? |
| I’ll have been working. | I won’t have been working. | Will you have been working? |
The Future Perfect Continuous isused to emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future.
By the end of this week, she will have been working here for six years.
NOUNS
Nouns can be countable or uncountable.Countable nouns are nouns which we can count. They have singular and plural forms. e.g. a key, two keys.
The plural is formed as follows:
| Regular Plurals | Irregular Plurals | ||
| jacket | jackets | child | children |
| watch | watches | man | men |
| tomato | tomatoes | woman | women |
| baby | babies | foot | feet |
| toy | toys | tooth | teeth |
| leaf | leaves | mouse | mice |
| cliff | cliffs | sheep | sheep |
Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot count. They do not have different plural forms. Uncountable nouns include:
| many types of food: | spaghetti, yoghurt, cheese, flour, butter, meat, etc. |
| liquids: | water, coffee, soda, lemonade, oil, petrol, tea, etc |
| materials: | silver, wood, crystal, plastic, porcelain, etc. |
| abstract nouns: | freedom, love, justice, beauty, help, education, knowledge, etc. |
| others: | news, advice, information, weather, furniture, luggage, baggage, hair, accommodation, behaviour, equipment, fun, research, rubbish, litter, etc. |
Countable nouns
1 Can take singular or plural verbs.
The book ison the table. The books areon the table.
2 Always go with a/an/the/my, etc. in the singular.
I bought an umbrella.(NOT: I bought umbrolla.)
3 Can be used alone or with some/any/many/few in the plural.
I love carrots. //I'm going to buy some carrots.
Uncountable nouns
1 Always take singular verbs.
Sugar is fattening.
Honey comes from bees.
2 Do not go with a/an/one, two, etc.
I like to drink milk.(NOT: I like to drink a milk.)
3 Can be used alone or with some/any/much/little/the/my etc.
Remember to buy (some) cheese.
Note: We can use a/an, one/two, etc. with uncountable nouns such as coffee, tea, lemonade, etc. when we are referring to a cup, glass, bottle, etc. of a certain liquid.
Can we have two coffees and two teas, please? (= two cups of coffee and two cups of tea)
ARTICLES
1 We use a or an the first time we mention something. When we mention it
again, we use the.
I saw a beautiful vase in an antique shop a few days ago. When I went back to the shop yesterday, the vase wasn’t there any more!
2 We do not use the:
a when we talk about people or things in general.
Dogs make very good pets.
b with the names of people and countries.
American people eat a lot of fast food.
c with many place names.
| continents: | Europe, Asia | countries: | Argentina |
| cities: | Moscow, Madrid | lakes: | Lake Ontario |
| mountains: | Mount Everest | hills: | Primrose Hill |
| roads / streets: | Oxford Street | islands: | EasterIsland |
We use the:
a with some place names
| oceans and seas: | the pacific Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea |
| rivers: | the River Danube, the River Thames |
| mountain ranges: | the Alps, the Himalayas |
| countries which are republics or unions: | the United kingdom, the United Arab Emirates |
b with superlative forms.
the longest river in the world
c when there is only one of something
the sun the Earth the Moon the sky the pope
4 Other phrases with the
at the bottom, at the top
in the east, in the west, in thecentre, in the middle
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
on theleft, on the right
BUT: at home, at school, at university, at work, at night, n bed, in hospital, in prison, on holiday
ADJECTIVES
Date: 2015-12-11; view: 2770
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