Defective segmentability

Complete segmentability

Hostage, nameless, overload, underestimate, amoral, unfriendly, gooseberry, carefulness

Conditional segmentability

Perceive, contain, proceed, pretend, manic ,pocket ,feminist

-The word perceive can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes per – and -ceive which occur in a number of other words, e.g. per-mit, receive

- The word contain can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes con- and –tain which occur in a number of other words, e.g. con-fide, re-tain

- The word proceed can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes pro- and –ceed which occur in a number of other words, e.g. pro-mote, suc-ceed

- The word pretend can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes pre- and -tend which occur in a number of other words, e.g. precede, intend

- The word manic can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes man- and –ic which occur in an number of other words, e.g. manhood, allergic

- The word pocket can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes pock- and –et which occur in a number of other words, e.g. pock-mark, tabl-et

- The word pocket can be conditionally segmented into two morphemes femin- and –ist which occur in a number of other words femin-ine, scientist

Defective segmentability

Pioneer, mirror, assist, obsess, attract,Fraction, discuss ,athlete ,budget

- The denotational meaning of the affix -eer is “a person who is concerned with or who does something specified”.

- The denotational meaning of the affix -or is “thing performing the action of a verb”

- The denotational meaning of the affix -as is “in addition to”

- The denotational meaning of the affix ob - is “blocking or concealment”

- The denotational meaning of the affix at- is “to; towards”

- The denotational meaning of the affix dis- is “separation”

- The denotational meaning of the affix -ete=-et is used to denote diminutive

- The denotational meaning of the affix -et is used to denote diminutives

Task7 Analyze the following words from the point of view of their ICs and UCs applying an affix or a root principle.
Model: uncommonly
The morphemic analysis of the word uncommonly is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:
1) uncommon- (IC) + -ly (strangely, sadly) (IC/UC);
2) un- (unsafe, unclean) (IC/UC) + -common (IC/UC).
The word consists of 3 UCs.

1. Independence

The morphemic analysis of the word independence is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. In- (infertile, inapt)(IC/UC) +-dependence(IC)

2. Depend-(dependable, dependent; IC/UC) + -ence(pretence, impatience; IC/UC)

The word consists of 3 UCs

3. Beautifulness

The morphemic analysis of the word beautifulness is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. Beautiful (IC) + -ness (IC/UC; liveliness | sadness)

2. Beauty(IC/UC)+ ful(IC/UC; forgetful | watchful)

The word consists of 3 UCs

3. Unforgettable

The morphemic analysis of the word unforgettable is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. Un(IC/UC; unpredictable, unprepared)+ forgettable(IC)

2. Forget(IC/UC)+ -able(IC/UC; countable, eatable)

The word consists of 3 UCs

4.ultra-creative

The morphemic analysis of the word ultra-creative is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. Ultra(IC/UC; ultramontane, ultra-modern)+ creative(IC)

2. Creat(IC/UC) + -ive(IC/UC; festive, massive)

The word consists of 3 UCs

5 spotlessness

The morphemic analysis of the word spotlessness is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. Spotless(IC) + -ness(IC/UC; kindness, wilderness)

2. Spot(IC/UC) + -less(IC/UC; skinless, tireless)

The word consists of 3 UCs

6. disrespectful

The morphemic analysis of the word disrespectful is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. disrespect(IC) + -ful(IC/UC; masterful, grateful)

2. dis(IC/UC; discharge, disgrace)+ respect(IC/UC)

The word consists of 3UCs

7. unladylike

The morphemic analysis of the word unladylike is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. un(IC/UC; uncommon, unlikely)+ -ladylike(IC)

2. lady(IC/UC)+ like(IC/UC; springlike, childlike)

The word consists of 3 UCs

8. disarmament

The morphemic analysis of the word disarmament is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. dis(IC/UC; disadvantage | disbelieve)+ armament (IC)

2. arm(IC/UC)+ -ment(IC/UC; curtailment | excitement)

The word consists of 3 UCs

9. injustice

The morphemic analysis of the word injustice is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. in(IC/UC; induce, incredible)+ justice(IC)

2. just(IC/UC) + -ice(IC/UC; service, police)

The word consists of 3 UCs

10. disobedience

The morphemic analysis of the word injustice is based on the application of the affix principle and includes the following stages:

1. dis(IC/UC; diseconomy | disaffirm)+ obedience(IC)

2. obedi (IC/UC)+ - ence(IC/UC; reference | reminiscence)

The word consists of 3 UCs

Task8 Group the given words according to their derivational structure into suffixal and prefixal derivatives.
Model: unwifely — un- + -wifely (a prefixal derivative); embittered — embitter- + -ed (a suffixal derivative)

1. Insensible – in-+- sensible(PD)

2. Discouragement- discourage-+-ment(SD)

3. Unwomanly - un-+-womanly(PD)

4. Impassioned – impassion-+-ed(SD)

5. Befriended- befriend-+-ed(SD)

6. Asystemic – a-+-systemic(PD)

7. Unimaginable – un-+-imaginable(PD)

8. Discovery – discove-+-ry(SD)

9. Irresponsible – ir-+- responsible(PD)

10. Impression – impress-+-ion(SD)

11. Dishearten- dis-+-hearten(PD)

12. Indefensible – in-+-defensible(PD)

13. Disguisement – disguise-+-ment(SD)

14. Accountable – account-+-able (SD)

15. Unfriendly – un-+-friendly(PD)

16. Outrageous – outrage-+-ous(SD)

17. Impersonal – im-+-personal(PD)

18. Renewable – renew-+-able(SD)

19. Underdeveloped – under-+-developed(PD)

20. Endangerment – endanger-+-ment(SD)

Task9 Group derivational bases of the given words into three structural classes: a) bases that coincide with morphological stems of different degrees of complexity; b) bases that coincide with word-forms; c) bases that coincide with word-groups.
Model: colour-blindness, unwrapped, white-skinned
The derivational base of the word colour-blindness coincides with the compound morphological stem colour-blindness which consists of one simple and one derived stem (class a). The derivational base of the word unwrapped coincides with the verbal word-form -wrapped — the past participle (class b). The derivational base of the word white-skinned coincides with the word-group white skin (class c).

1. The derivational base of the word Illiteratenesscoincides with the derived morphological stem illiterateness which consists of one derived stem (class a)

2. The derivational base of the word waterskiercoincides with the word-group water ski(c. C)

3. The derivational base of the word unprotectedcoincides with the verbal word-form protected – the past participle(c.B)

4. The derivational base of the word brainstrustercoincides with the compound morphological stem brainstruster which consists of one simple and one derived stem (class a).

5. The derivational base of the word three-corneredcoincides with the word-group three corner (c. C)

6. The derivational base of the word friendlinesscoincides with the derived morphological stem friendliness which consists of one derived stem (class a)

7. The derivational base of the word allrightnik coincides with the word-group all right(c.C)

8. The derivational base of the word impossiblecoincides with the derived morphological stem impossible which consists of one simple stem (class a)

9. The derivational base of the word green-eyedcoincides with the word-group green eye (c. C)

10. The derivational base of the word pains-takingcoincides with the verbal word –form taking – present participle(c.B)

11. The derivational base of the word landlordismcoincides with the compound morphological stem landlordism which consists of one simple and one derived stem (class a).

12. The derivational base of the word absent-mindedcoincides with the word-group absent mind(c.C)

13. The derivational base of the word brainlesscoincides with the derived morphological stem brainless which consists of one simple stem (class a)

14. The derivational base of the word understandinglycoincides with the verbal word-form understanding – present participle(c. B)

15. The derivational base of the word weather-beatencoincides with the verbal word- form beaten- past participle(c.B)

16. The derivational base of the word long-leggedcoincides with the word-group long leg(c.C)

17. The derivational base of the word broadencoincides with the derived morphological stem broaden which consists of one simple stem (class a).

18. The derivational base of the word heart-breakingcoincides with the verbal word-form breaking- present participle(c.B)

19. The derivational base of the word freestylercoincides with the word-group free style(c.C)

20. The derivational base of the word seeminglycoincides with the verbal word-form seeming –present participle(c.B)

21. The derivational base of the word livelihoodcoincides with the derived morphological stem livelihood which consists of one derived stem (class a)

22. The derivational base of the word uninspiringcoincides with the verbal word-form inspiring- present participle(c. B)

23. The derivational base of the word back-benchercoincides with the compound morphological stem back-bencher which consists of one simple and one derived stem (class a).

24. The derivational base of the word acceptabilitycoincides with the derived morphological stem acceptability which consists of one derived stem (class a).

25. The derivational base of the word do-goodismcoincides with the word-group do good(c.C)

26. The derivational base of the word laughinglycoincides with the verbal word-form laughing – present participle(c. B)

27. The derivational base of the word do-it-yourselfercoinsides with the word-group do-it-yourself(c.C)

28. The derivational base of the word unimportancecoincides with the derived morphological stem unimportance which consists of one derived stem (class a).

29. The derivational base of the word one-sidedcoincides with the word-group one side(c.C)

30. The derivational base of the word unnamedcoincides with the verbal word-form named- past participle(c. B)

31. The derivational base of the word allatoncenesscoincides with the word-group all at once(c.C)

32. The derivational base of the word familiaritycoincides with the derived morphological stem familarity which consists of one derived stem (class a).

33. The derivational base of the word whitefeatherycoincides with the word-group white feather(c.C)

34. The derivational base of the word snow-coveredcoincides with the verbal word-form covered- past participle(c.B)

35. The derivational base of the word weekendercoincides with the derived morphological stem weekender which consists of one derived stem(c.A)

36. The derivational base of the word long-runningcoincides with the verbal word-form running- present participle(c.B)

37. The derivational base of the word idletalkercoincides with the word-group idle talk(c.C)

Task10 Combine the words the derivational affixes of which express: a) 'not'/ 'without' or 'opposite of; b) 'exceeding/a great extent' or 'a large amount of/ a great deal of; c) 'similarity/resemblance'; d) '(very) small' or 'not enough'; e) 'liking for'.

a) Nameless, anti-war, disapprove, priceless, depopulated, non-smoker, apolitical, lifeless, mistrust, unhappiness, childless, disorder, amoral, ageless, inattention, anticlimax, countless, duty-free

b) Hyperactive, oversleep, overwork, super clever, outgrow, talkative, much-worn, superrich, multicoloured, hypercreative, ultra-modern, multitalented, extra soft, hyperthermia, outlive, mega-bucks

c) Frolicsome, cuboid, whitish, spherule, fiendish, feathery, ladylike, quarrelsome, babysh, flowerlike, humanoid, creative, sub-Victorian, grayish, clockwise, lambkin, paraprofessional, paramilitary

d) Microsurgery, booklet, ducklin, mini-market, kitchenette, microfilm, miniskirt, sneaky, underdevelopment, undercooked, starlet

e) Bibliophile, Francophile

Task11 Give structural formulas of the following words. Classify the words into: 1) suffixal derivatives; 2} prefixal derivatives; 3) conversions; 4) compound words.
Model: blackness, table-cloth
The structural formula of the word blackness is a + -sf —> N. The given word is a suffixal derivative. The structural formula of the word table-cloth is n + n —> N. Table-cloth is a compound word.

1. To paper : to + n> V. The given word is a conversion

2. Speechless: n+sf> n.The word is a suufixal d.

3. pen-holder: n+n> n. Pen-holder is a compound word

4. irreplaceable : pr. + adj.> adj. The given word is a pr. D.

5. nothingness: n+sf> n. The given word is a sf. D.

6. to winter: n + to> v. The given word is a conversion

7. age-long: n+adj> adj. The given word is a compound word

8. fearsomely: adj. +sf>adv. The given word is a sf. D.

9. sharpen: adj + sf> v. The given word is a sf d.

10. wind-driven: n+part.II> adj. The given word is a compound word

11. independence: pr+ n> n. The given word is a pr. D

12. ex-housewife: pr.+ n> n. The given word is a pr. D.

Task12 Give structural patterns of the following words. State to what parts of speech and lexical subsets affixes refer the given derivatives.
MODEL: THREESOME
The structural pattern of the word 'threesome' is num + -some = N. The DP signals a set of nouns with the lexical meaning of 'a group consisting of a certain number of people'.

1. Yearly

The structural pattern of the word ‘yearly’ is noun+ -ly= adverb. The DP signals a set of adverbs with the lexical meaning of ‘recurring at intervals ’.

2. Engineer

The structural pattern of the word ‘engineer’ is n + -er= noun. The DP signals a set of nouns with the lexical meaning of ‘a person or thing that performs a specified action or activity’.

3. Diseased

The structural pattern of the word ‘diseased’ is n+ -ed= adj. The DP signals a set of adjectives with the lexical meaning of ‘having; possessing; affected by’

4. Completion

The structural pattern of the word ‘completion’ is adj.+ -ion= noun. The DP signals a set of nouns with the lexical meaning of ‘denoting a resulting state’

5. Incurable

The structural pattern of the word ‘incurable’ is pr+adj=adj. The DP signals a set of adjectives with the lexical meaning of ‘not’

6. to ape

The structural pattern of the word ‘to ape’ is to+n= v. The DP signals a set of verbs with the lexical meaning of ‘imitate’

7. fair-haired

The structural pattern of the word ‘fair-haired’ is adj.+adj.=adj. The DP signals a set of adjectives with the lexical meaning of ‘possessing hair of some particular quality’

8. customary

The structural pattern of the word ‘customary’ is n+-ary= n. The DP signals a set of nouns with the lexical meaning of ‘related to; belonging to’

9. overtime

The structural pattern of the word ‘overtime’ is pr+n=n. The DP signals a set of nouns with the lexical meaning of ‘extra’

10. miscalculation

The structural pattern of the word ‘miscalculation’ is pr+n=n. The DP signals a set of nouns with the lexical meaning of ‘wrong’

Task13 Give structural-semantic patterns of the following words. Specify semantic peculiarities of derivational bases and individual meanings of affixes of the words under analysis.
Model: ex-president, ex-secretary, ex-journalist, ex-policeman
The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is ex- + n —> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to nouns denoting professions. The prefix ex- combined with these bases possesses the meaning 'former'.

1. Londoner, villager, New Yorker, towner;

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is n+ -er-> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to nouns denoting places. The prefix –er combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘a person belonging to a specified place’

2. tallish, thinnish, biggish, longish, lowish

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is adj.+ -ish-> Adj. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to adjectives denoting size. The suffix –ish combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘having the qualities or characteristics of’.

3. lungful, armful, mouthful, handful

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is n+ -ful-> adj. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to nouns denoting parts and organs of the human body. The suffix –ful combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘the amount needed to fill the specified container, holder’.

4. savagery, foolery, snobbery, roguery

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is n+-ery-> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to nouns denoting qualities of character. The suffix –ery combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘behaviour’.

5. decency, complacency, obstinacy, hesitancy

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is adj+-cy-> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to features of character. The suffix –cy combined with these bases possesses the meaning of ‘quality’

6. advocacy, accountancy, presidency, consultancy

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is n+ -cy-> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to different professions. The suffix –cy combined with these bases possesses the meaning of ‘occupation’.

7. demist, defrost, deice, dewater, degas

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is de+n-> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to different states of water. The prefix de- combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘remove’

8. rapidly, slowly, gradually, quickly

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is adj+ -ly-> adv. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to speed. The suffix –ly combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘manner or degree’.

9. schoolmate, clubmate, flatmate, roommate

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is n+n-> N. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to place/organisation. The noun mate combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘a fellow member or joint occupant of a specified thing’

10. joyful, delightful, hateful, cheerful, sorrowful

The structural-semantic pattern of the given words is n+-ful-> adj. In this DP the nominal bases are confined to feelings/emotions. The suffix –ful combined with these bases possesses the meaning ‘full of’

Task14 Analyze the historical changeability of the word-structure of the following
words.
Model:
kindred — kin- ('family, race') + -reden ('advice, rule, condition')
The root-morpheme -reden lost its lexical meaning and turned into the suffix -red. Later -red became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
necklace [neklis]: hnecca- ('back of the neck'; 'nape') + -la(a)s (-lace) ('noose'; 'string or cord for tying')
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
1) island: ea- 'water, a river' + -land 'solid portion of the earth's surface; ground';
The root-morpheme ea- lost its lexical meaning and turned into the prefix is-. Later is- became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
2) world: wer- 'man, warrior' + -aid 'old age';
The root-morpheme –aid lost its lexical meaning and turned into the suffix –ld. Later –ld became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
3) friendly, freond- 'friend' + -lie 'appearance, form, body';
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
4) cabinet: cabin- 'hut, tent' + -et 'small';
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
5) always: all-feall- 'all' + -weges 'road, path; distance travelled';
The root-morpheme all-feall- lost its lexical meaning and turned into the prefix al-. Later al- became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
6) careful: earn- 'grief, 'burdened state of mind' + -full 'full of;
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
7) freedom: freo- 'not subject to control from outside' + -dom 'judgment, choice, honour';
The root-morpheme –dom lost its lexical meaning and turned into the suffix –dom. Later –dom became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
8) childhood: cild-'child' + -had 'condition, title, quality';
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
9) reckless: recce- 'concern, care' + -leas 'devoid of;
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
10) linen: lin- 'flax' + -en 'made or consisting of, 'of the nature of;
The compound word underwent the process of simplification of the morphological structure accompanied by certain phonetical changes. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
11) hatred: hate- 'suffering', 'anger, insult, trouble' + -rseden 'advice, rule, condition';
The root-morpheme –rseden lost its lexical meaning and turned into the suffix –red. Later –red became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.
12) forehead', fore- 'before' + + -heaford 'anterior part of the body, containing the mouth, sense organs, and brain'.
The root-morpheme – heaford lost its lexical meaning and turned into the radical –head. Later –head became unproductive. As a result the compound word became a simple one.

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 8544