The verbs in this list are also irregular when they have a prefix, e.g. overtake - overtook - overtaken, foretell - foretold - foretold.
A few verbs have irregular present simple forms:
VERB PRESENT SIMPLE
be I am; you/we/they are; he/she/it is
do he/she/it does
go he/she/it goes
have he/she/it has
say he/she/it says
For burnt/burned, dreamt/dreamed, etc in British and American English see page 382. For gotten see page 378.
Key to the starting test
The number after the answer tells you which unit of the book has information and practice on that grammar point.
1 c) 3 35 c) 49,53 69 b) 106
2 c) 4,6 36 b) 54 70 a) 108
3 d) 5,6 37 b) 55,56 71 d) 109
4 a) 7 38 b) 57 72 b) 110,111
5 a) 8 39 b) 58 73 d) 112
6 d) 9 40 d) 60,62 74 b) 113
7 c) 9,10 41 b) 61,62 75 c) 114
8 d) 11 42 c) 64 76 d) 115
9 b) 12,13 43 c) 65 77 c) 118
10 d) 14 44 d) 66 78 d) 119
11 b) 15 45 b) 68 79 c) 120
12 d) 16 46 b) 70 80 c) 121
13 d) 17 47 b) 72 81 a) 123
14 a) 18,19 48 b) 73 82 c) 124, 125
15 a) 20 49 d) 74 83 d) 126, 127
16 b) 23 50 c) 76,77 84 d) 128-130
17 b) 24,25 51 a) 78 85 d) 131
18 d) 26 52 c) 80 86 c) 132
19 c) 27 53 d) 81 87 a) 133
20 b) 28 54 d) 83,84 88 c) 134
21 d) 31 55 a) 86 89 d) 136
22 b) 33 56 b) 87 90 d) 137
23 a) 34,36 57 c) 89 91 b) 139
24 c) 37 58 c) 90 92 c) 140
25 c) 38 59 c) 91 93 c) 141,142
26 b) 40 60 d) 92 94 b) 143
27 d) 41 61 b) 94 95 a) 144,147
28 d) 42 62 d) 95 96 b) 145, 147
29 c) 43 63 d) 96 97 d) 146,147
30 d) 44 64 d) 99 98 d) 149
31 b) 46 65 a) 100, 101 99 d) 150
32 c) 47 66 b) 102 100 d) 151
33 a) 48 67 c) 103
34 b) 51,52 68 a) 105
151 To, in order to, so that and for
We use to, in order to, so that and for to express purpose, to say why we do things. The purpose of stopping is to buy a newspaper.
B To
We can use the to-infinitive to express purpose.
Melanie was hurrying to catch her bus. Most people work to earn money. I rang to find out the train times. We went to the library to get some books.
C In order to and so as to
In order to and so as to are more formal than to.
The government took these measures in order to reduce crime.
The staff are working at weekends so as to complete the project in time. We can use the negative in order not to or so as not to.
Melanie was hurrying in order not to miss her bus.
The staff are working at weekends so as not to delay the project any further. We cannot use not to on its own.
She was hurrying to catch her bus. not She-was-hurrying not to miss-her bus.
D So that
Look at this example.
I'll post the card today so that it gets there on Daniel's birthday. After so that we use a subject and verb, e.g. it gets. We often use will or can for a present purpose and would or could for a past purpose.
I'll give you a map so that you can find/you'll find the way all right.
I gave Nick a map so that he could find/would be able to find the way all right.
E To or for?
We can use for with a noun to say why we do something.
The whole family have gone out for a bike ride. Why don't you come over for coffee? To talk about the purpose of a thing, we use either a to-infinitive or for + an ing-form.
This heater is to keep/for keeping the plants warm in winter.
This machine is used to cut/for cutting plastic. But we do not use for + an ing-form to talk about a specific action.
I put the heater on to keep the plants warm, not I put the heater-on-for keeping the plants warm.
Exercises
1 To(B)
Complete each sentence using to and these words:
cash a cheque, finance her studies, go to sleep, hear the football results, look smart
► Laura went to the bank to cash a cheque.
1 Mrs Miles sometimes takes a pill ..........................................................................
2 Tom turned on the radio....................................................
3 Just this once Mike is going to wear a suit...................
4 Jessica is borrowing some money ..............
2 In order to and so as to (C)
Alan works for Zedco. He wants to succeed in business, so he is listening to a talk on the subject. Here is what the speaker is showing the audience.
ACTION PURPOSE
► study the market be more successful
1 get to work earlier impress the boss
2 work harder achieve more
3 take risks be a winner
4 think positively not miss any opportunities
Say what Alan is going to do. Use either in order to or so as to. Both are correct.
► He's going to study the market in order to be more successful.