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UNIT 17. Have and have gotA. Have and have got (= possess, own etc.) We often use have got rather than have alone. So you can say: * We've got a new car. or We have a new car. * Ann has got two sisters. or Ann has two sisters. We use have got or have for illnesses, pains etc.: * I've got a headache. or I have a headache. In questions and negative sentences there are three possible forms: Have you got any money? I haven't got any money. Do you have any money? I don't have any money. Have you any money? (less usual) I haven't any money. (less usual) Has she got a car? She hasn't got a car. Does she have a car? She doesn't have a car. Has she a car? (less usual) She hasn't a car. (less usual) When have means 'possess' etc., you cannot use continuous forms (is having/are having etc.): * I have/I've got a headache. (not 'I'm having') For the past we use had (usually without 'got'): * Ann had long fair hair when she was a child. (not 'Ann had got') In past questions and negative sentences we normally use did/didn't: * Did they have a car when they were living in London? * I didn't have a watch, so I didn't know the time. * Ann had long fair hair, didn't she?
B. Have breakfast/have a bath/have a good time etc. Have (but not 'have got') is also used for many actions and experiences. For example: have breakfast/dinner/a cup of coffee/a cigarette etc. have a bath/a shower/a swim/a rest/a party/a holiday/a nice time etc. have an accident/an experience/a dream etc. have a look (at something)/a chat (with somebody) have a baby (= give birth to a baby) have difficulty/trouble/fun * Goodbye! I hope you have a nice time. * Mary had a baby recently. 'Have got' is not possible in these expressions. Compare: * I usually have a sandwich for my lunch. (have = 'eat' - not 'have got') but * I've got some sandwiches. Would you like one? In these expressions, have is like other verbs. You can use continuous forms (is having are having etc.) where suitable: * I had a postcard from Fred this morning. He's on holiday. He says he's having a wonderful time. (not 'he has a wonderful time') * The phone rang while we were having dinner. (not 'while we had') In questions and negative sentences we normally use do/does/did: * I don't usually have a big breakfast. (not 'I usually haven't') * What time does Ann have lunch? (not 'has Ann lunch') * Did you have any difficulty finding somewhere to live? EXERCISES 17.1 Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can't) and some are past (couldn't). 1. I can't make a phone call. (any change) I haven't got any change. 2. I couldn't read the notice. (my glasses) I didn't have my glasses. 3. I can't climb up onto the roof. (a ladder) I --- 4. We couldn't visit the museum. (enough time) We --- 5. He couldn't find his way to our house. (a map) 6. She can't pay her bills. (any money) 7. They can't get into the house. (a key) 8. I couldn't take any photographs. (a camera)
17.2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past. 1. Excuse me, have you got a pen I could borrow? 2. Why are you holding your face like that? --- a toothache? 3. --- a bicycle when you were a child? 4. '--- the time, please?' 'Yes, it's ten past seven.' 5. When you did the exam, --- time to answer all the questions? 6. I need a stamp for this letter. --- one? 7. 'It started to rain while I was walking home.' 'Did it? --- an umbrella?'
17.3 In this exercise you have to write sentences about yourself. Choose four of the following things (or you can choose something else): a car a bicycle a moped a guitar a computer a camera a driving licence a job a dog/a cat (or another animal) Have you got these things now? Did you have them ten years ago? Write two sentences each time using I've got/I haven't got and I had/I didn't have. now ten years ago (or five if you're too young) 1. I've got a car. I didn't have a car. 2. --- --- 3. --- --- 4. --- ---
17.4 Complete these sentences. Use an expression from the list and put the verb into the correct form where necessary. have lunch have a swim have a nice time have a chat have a cigarette have a rest have a good flight have a baby have a shower have a party have a look 1. I don't eat much during the day. I never _have lunch._ 2. David likes to keep fit, so he --- every day. 3. We --- last Saturday. It was great - we invited lots of people. 4. Excuse me, can I --- at your newspaper, please? 5. 'Where's Jim?' 'He --- in his room. He's very tired.' 6. I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday. We stopped and ---. 7. I haven't seen you since you came back from holiday ---? 8. Suzanne --- a few weeks ago. It's her second child. 9. I don't usually smoke but I was feeling very nervous, so I ---. 10. The phone rang but I couldn't answer it because I ---. 11. You meet Tom at the airport. He has just arrived. You say: Hello, Tom. ---? UNIT 18. Used to (do) A. Study this example situation: Dennis stopped smoking two years ago. He doesn't smoke any more. But he used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. 'He used to smoke' = he smoked regularly for some time in the past, but he doesn't smoke now. He was a smoker, but now he isn't
B. 'Something used to happen' = something happened regularly in the past but no longer happens: * I used to play tennis a lot but I don't play very often now. * Diane used to travel a lot. These days she doesn't go away so often. * 'Do you go to the cinema very often?' 'Not now, but I used to.' (= I used to go ...) We also use used to... for something that was true but is not true any more: * This building is now a furniture shop. It used to be a cinema. * I used to think he was unfriendly but now I realise he's a very nice person. * I've started drinking coffee recently. I never used to like it before. * Janet used to have very long hair when she was a child.
C. 'I used to do something' is past. There is no present form. You cannot say 'I use to do'. To talk about the present, use the present simple (I do). Compare: past: he used to smoke we used to live there used to be present: he smokes we live there is * We used to live in a small village but now we live in London. * There used to be four cinemas in the town. Now there is only one.
D. The normal question form is did (you) use to ...?: * Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? The negative form is didn't use to ... (used not to ... is also possible) * I didn't use to like him. (or I used not to like him.)
E. Compare I used to do and I was doing (see Unit 6): * I used to watch TV a lot. (= I watched TV regularly in the past, but I no longer do this) * I was watching TV when the phone rang. (= I was in the middle of watching TV)
F. Do not confuse I used to do and I am used to doing (see Unit 60). The structures and meanings are different: * I used to live alone. (= I lived alone in the past but I no longer live alone) * I am used to living alone. (= I live alone and I don't find it strange or new because I've been living alone for some time) EXERCISES 18.1 Complete these sentences with use(d) to ... + a suitable verb. 1. Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. 2. Liz --- a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car. 3. We came to live in Manchester a few years ago. We --- in Nottingham. 4. I rarely cat ice cream now but I --- it when I was a child. 5. Jim --- my best friend but we aren't friends any longer. 6. It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road was opened. It --- more than an hour. 7. There --- a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago 8. When you lived in London, --- to the theatre very often? 18.2 Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and started doing other things: He stopped studying hard/going to bed early/running three miles e3very morning He started smoking/going out in the evening/spending a lot of money Write sentences about Brian with used to and didn't use to. 1. He used to smoke. 2. He didn't use to smoke. 3. --- 4. --- 5. --- 6. --- 18.3 Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today: FIVE YEARS A GO I travel a lot, I play the piano. I'm very lazy. I don't like cheese. I've got a dog. I'm a hotel receptionist. I've got lots of friends. I never read newspapers. I don't drink tea. I go to a lot of parties. TODAY I eat lots of cheese now. I work very hard these days. I don't know in people these days. I work in a bookshop now. I don't go away much these days. My dog died two years ago. I read a newspaper every day now. I haven't been to a party for ages. I haven't played piano for years. Tea's great! I like it now. Now write sentences about bow Carol has changed. Use used to/didn't use to/never used to in the first part of your sentence. 1 She used to travel a lot but she doesn't go away much these days. 2. She used --- but --- 3. --- but --- 4. --- but --- 5. --- but --- 6. --- but --- 7. --- but --- 8. --- but --- 9. --- but --- 10. --- but --- Date: 2015-02-03; view: 3497
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