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Administrative reform in Kazakhstan in the 60-s of Õ1Õ â

To consolidate their rule in Kazakhstan, the tsarist government in the 60-ies of the XIX century, held a series of reforms.

In July 1867 the king signed the "Temporary Regulations" on the management Semirechensk and Syrdarya regions were part of the Turkestan province. In October 1868 it was decided "Temporary Regulations" on the management of prairie provinces. As a result of these reforms, the entire territory of Kazakhstan was divided into 6 regions: Turgai, Ural, Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Syrdarya, Semirechensk. Internal (Bukei) was subject to a horde of Astrakhan province. Mangyshlak a police force subordinate to the Caucasus Military District. Syrdarya and Semirechinskaya area became part of the Turkestan province with its center in Tashkent, Akmola c Semipalatinsk region - in the Steppe governor-general with the center in Omsk.

For these "regulations" all regions of Kazakhstan were divided into districts, and counties - into townships and villages. At the head of the governors were set, endowed with administrative and military power, and the head of the county - county chiefs. At the disposal of the latter were troops and police. At the lower administrative positions parish ruler, aul elders were chosen by representatives of the feudal nobility Bahia, proven themselves in the service of the king's powers. The election was a two-stage, from every 50 households was administered one elector, the Congress chose electors parish ruler; aul foreman was selected from each of the ten farms. The elections were held under the supervision of the king's powers.

Townships and villages were formed on a territorial basis, the generic division into account not accepted. This weakened tribal ties and increased the population dependent on the king's powers.

The colonial administration made a big change in the legal proceedings. Now the criminal and political cases dealt royal court on the basis of laws nationwide. The court biys were left with only family and marital affairs, small claims and litigation. Position biys was elected and was dependent on the will of the royal administration. Namibia did not receive a salary, which served as a reward for a fine levied on the offender (biylik).

According to the "Temporary Regulations" all Kazakh land became the property of the autocratic state, became known as the public lands. Kibitochny tax was increased twofold: 1 ruble 50 kopecks. to 3 rubles. 50 kopecks. a tent in the year.

Reforms 60s strengthened military-colonial regime in Kazakhstan, the class basis of strengthened cooperation bey-feudal nobility and the colonial authorities.

The result of the administrative reform was to strengthen the national and colonial oppression and political disenfranchisement of the masses. However, objectively, independently of the will of the tsarist, reforms in the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan have had some positive effects. First of all open more opportunities for the initiation of Kazakh economy to a capitalist economy of Russia. The foundations of patriarchal medieval order were crumbling. Between the different parts of Kazakhstan establishes and grew stronger economic ties. All this contributed to the expansion of commodity production, the emergence in the bowels of the Kazakh society of capitalist relations.




Date: 2015-01-29; view: 936


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