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Metabolism of Simple Proteins & Amino Acids

1. Ammonia is a very toxic substance, especially for the nervous system. What substance takes the most active part in ammonia detoxification in the brain tissue?

A. Lysine

B. *Glutamic acid

C. Histidine

D. Proline

E. Alanine

2. Labeled by radioisotope amino acids alanine and tryptophan were administrated to a mouse in order to study the localization of protein synthesis in cells. Around what organelles in the cell the accumulation of labeled amino acids will be observed?

A. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

B. Golgi apparatus

C. *Ribosomes

D. Cell nucleus

E. Lysosomes

3. In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amine is formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it:

A. Noradrenalin

B. Dioxyphenylalanine

C. Serotonin

D. Dopamine

E. *Histamine

4. Nappies of a newborn have dark spots that witness the presence of homogentisic acid oxidation product. Choose the substance whose metabolic disorder is associated with accumulation of homogentisic acid in the organism:

A. Cholesterol

B. Galactose

C. *Tyrosine

D. Tryptophan

E. Methionine

5. Glutamate decarboxylation results in the formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:

A. Glutathione

B. *Gamma amino butyric acid

C. Serotonin

D. Histamine

E. Asparagine

6. A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical symptoms as vomiting, unconsciousness, fits. There is hyperammoniemia in patient, too. Disturbance of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient?

A. Increased putrefaction of proteins in bowels

B. Inhibition of transamination enzymes

C. *Disturbed neutralization of ammonia in the liver

D. Activation of amino acid decaboxylation

E. Disturbed neutralization of biogenic amines

7. According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What process is this medication intended to correct?

A. Desamination of purine nucleotide

B. Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases.

C. *Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids

D. Protein synthesis

E. Oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids

8. A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were as follows: Growth inhibition, anemia, oedema, mental deficiency. Choose the cause of oedema development:

A. Reduced synthesis of lipoproteins

B. Reduced synthesis of glycoproteins

C. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin

D. Reduced synthesis of globulins

E. *Reduced synthesis of albumins

9. A patient diagnosed with carcinoma of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophan amino acid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process?

A. Formation of paired compounds

B. *Decarboxylation

C. Transamination

D. Microsomal oxidation

E. Desamination

10. Albinos can't stand sun impact – they don't require sun-tan but get sunburns. Disturbed metabolism of what amino acid underlies this phenomenon?



A. Histidine

B. *Phenylalanine

C. Tryptophan

D. Glutamic acid

E. Methionine

11. Cerebral trauma caused the increase of ammonia formation. What amino acid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?

A. Tryptophan

B. Lysine

C. *Glutamic acid

D. Valine

E. Òórosine

12. A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophan amino acid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process?

A. *Decarboxylation

B. Microsomal oxidation

C. Transamination

D. Desamination

E. Formation of paired compounds

13. Low level of albumins and fibrinogen was detected in the patient's blood. Decreased activity of what organelle in the hepatocyte can most probably cause it?

A. Golgi complex

B. Agranular endoplasmatic reticulum

C. Lysosomes

D. Mitochondrions

E. *Granular endoplasmatic reticulum

 

15. After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indexes of this child?

A. Activated processes of amino acids decarboxylation

B. The increased putrefaction of proteins in intestines

C. The inhibited activity of enzymes for transamination

D. *Disorder of ammonia neutralization in ornithine cycle

E. Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization

16. Laboratory examination of a child revealed encreased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderivatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This desease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:

A. *Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids

B. Phosphofructokinase

C. Aminotransferase

D. Glucose 6-phosphatase

E. Phosphoglucomutase

17. The biggest amount of nitrogen is excreted from the organism in a form of urea. Inhibition of urea synthesis and accumulation of ammonia in the blood and tissues are induced by the decreased activity of the following liver enzyme:

A. Amylase

B. Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I*

C. Pepsin

D. Urease

E. Aspartate aminotransferase

18. A 2-year-old child with mental and physical retardation has been delivered to a hospital. He presents with frequent vomiting after having meals. There is phenylpyruvic acid in the urine of this kid. What metabolism abnormality is the reason for these clinical symptoms of pathology?

A. Lipid metabolism

B. Amino acid metabolism

C. Carbohydrate metabolism

D. Calcium and phosphates metabolism

E. Water metabolism

19. A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed?

A. Urea Cycle*

B. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

C. Glyconeogenesis

D. Cori cycle

E. Glycolysis

20. A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme whose deficiency in tissues may be the reason for this pathology:

A. Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase

B. Homogentisic acid oxidase *

C. Phenylalanine hydroxylase

D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

E. Glutamate dehydrogenase

21. A male patient has been diagnosed with acute radiation disease. Laboratory examination revealed a considerable decrease of platelet serotonin level. What substance metabolism is disturbed and causes the platelet serotonin content decrease:

A. Histidine

B. Tyrosine

C. Tryptophan*

D. Phenylalanine

E. Serine

22. During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action .This biogenic amine generated as a from histidine amino acid across:

A. Methylation

B. Isomerization

C. Phosphorylation

D. Decarboxylation*

E. Deaminization

23. A dizziness, memory impairment and periodical convulsions are observed in patient. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a deficiency of a product of glutamic acid decarboxylation. Name this product:

A. TDP

B. GABA*

C. THFA

D. Pyridoxal phosphate

E. ATP

24. A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that his diet was mostly composed from maize for a long time, and he eats usually little meat. This disease had been caused by the deficit of the following substance in the maize:

A. Histidine

B. Proline

C. Alanine

D. Tyrosine

E. Tryptophan*

25. A baby refuses the breast, he is anxious, presents with arrhythmic respiration. The urine smells of “brewer’s yeast” or “maple syrup”. This pathology was caused by the inherited defect of the following enzyme:

A. Aspartate aminotransferase

B. Glycerol kinase

C. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

D. UDP-glucuronyl transferase

E. Dehydrogenase of branched-chain alpha-keto acids*

26.The greater amount of nitrogen is excreted from the organism in form of urea. Inhibition of urea synnthesis and accumulation of ammonia in blood and tissues are induced by the decreased activity of the following liver enzyme:

A. Urease

B. Pepsin

C. Aspartate aminotransferase

D. Amylase

E. Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase*

27.A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that he had lived mostly on maize for a long time and eaten little meat. This disease had been caused by deficit of the following substance in the maize:

A. Proline

B. Histidine

C. Alalnine

D. Tryptophan*

E. Tyrosine

28. A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed?

A. Ornithinic (Urea) cycle*

B. Cori cycle

C. Glycolysis

D. Tricarboxylic acid cycle

E. Glyconeogenesis

29.A 1,5-year-old child presents with both mental and physical lag, decolorizing of skin and hair, decrease in catecholamine concentration in blood. When a few drops of 5% solution of chloride iron (Fe3+) had been added to the child’s urine it becomes olive green in color. Such alterations are typical for the following pathology of the amino acid metabolism:

A. Phenylketonuria*

B. Tyrosinosis

C. Albinism

D. Xanthinuria

E. Alkaptonuria

30. An inhibitory mediator is formed by the decarboxylation of glutamate in the CNS. Name it:

  1. Asparagine
  2. Serotonine
  3. Histamine
  4. GABA *
  5. Glutathione

31. It is known that the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme plays an important part in the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters. In what way this enzyme inactivates these neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)?

 

  1. Oxidative deamination *
  2. Carboxylation
  3. Addition of an amino group
  4. Removal of a methyl group
  5. Hydrolysis

32. In case of alkaptonuria, homogentisic acid is excreted in urine in large amounts. The development of this disease is associated with a disorder of metabolism of the following amino acid:

Phenylalanine

Methionine

Asparagine

Alanine

*Tyrosine

 

33. An unconscious patient was delivered by ambulance to the hospital. On objective examination the patient was found to present no reflexes, periodical convulsions, irregular breathing. After laboratory examination the patient was diagnosed with hepatic coma. Disorders of the central nervous system develop due to accumulation of the following metabolite:

Ammonia*

Glutamine

Histamine

Urea

Bilirubin

 

34. To an emergency ward a 7-year-old child was delivered in the condition of allergic shock caused by a bee sting. High concentration of histamine is observed in blood. Production of this amine is the result of the following reaction:

Decarboxylation*

Dehydrogenation

Hydroxylation

Deamination

Reduction

 


Date: 2016-04-22; view: 1246


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