Theme: Mixed degenerations. Chromo- and nucleoprotein metabolism disturbance. Disturbances of electrolyte (mineral) metabolism

Validation of the subject: the knowledge of mixed degenerations. Metabolism of chromo- and nucleoprotein in the stroma and parenchyma is essential to study many diseases of the lungs, liver, kidneys, as well as those of the blood, endocrine system; etc. Mixed degeneration can be hereditary or acquired. General knowledge about impaired metabolism of compound proteins is important for understanding the pathogenesis of haemolytic disease, malaria and other diseases. The knowledge of disturbances in electrolyte (mineral) metabolism is essential for understanding general changes occurring in general pathological processes (necrosis, organization, tumours) and for studying a group of diseases (e.g. metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular diseases, liver, kidney, endocrine and musculoskeletal diseases).

Objective of the lessons: the students should be able to distinguish mixed dystrophy from the other pathological processes. Compound proteins (chromo-, nucleo- and lipoproteids) play an important role in life of the organism therefore it is necessary to study the conditions accompanied by accumulation of pigments which are normally produced or appear in pathological conditions. To understand the significance of disturbances in electrolyte (mineral) metabolism, the mechanism causing the processes, the causes, morphological and functional significance of the disturbances of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe) metabolism. During the classes, it will be necessary to give definition of mixed degenerations, name their types, study the aetiology, pathogenesis, classification, morphological changes and also the possible outcomes and the importance for the organism.

Visual aids:

Annotated tables:metabolic dysfunction in tissues;pigments and dysfunctional pigment metabolism;chromoproteins;haemosiderosis;disturbances in electrolyte (mineral) metabolism; morphogenesis of tissue calcification; formation of the stones.

Coloured tablets:metabolic dysfunction of nucleoproteins;brown induration of the lungs;metastatic calcification; petrificates; stones in the kidney and gallbladder.

Slides:brown induration of the lungs;liver in posthepatic jaundice.

Gross specimen:brown induration of the lungs;haemosiderosis of the spleen;liver in posthepatic jaundice;spleen hemomelanosis;melanoblastoma of the skin;liver and pancreas in hemochromatosis;femur in parathyroid osteodystrophy;stones in the gallbladder;stones in the kidney.

Microscopic specimen:brown induration of the lungs;liver in posthepatic jaundice;kidney hemosiderosis;spleen hemomelanosis; melanoblastoma of the skin;calcified capsule of the thyroid gland.

Electronograms:Brown induration of the lungs. Siderophag is a cell of heart defect.Deposition of lipofuscin in the myocardium.Molecules of ferritin in the grains of hemosiderin.Calcified metastases in the myocardium.

Questions to control basic knowledge:

1) Does haemosiderin contain iron (Fe)?

2) Indicate which of the following diseases and procedures result in general hemosiderosis: a) anaemia, b) Addison’s disease, c) Rhesus-incompatibility (Rh-conflict), d) transfusion of incompatible blood, e) malaria.

3) In which disease can we notice spread melanosis: a) haemochromatosis, b) malaria, c) Gaucher's disease, d) Addison's disease, e) Girke's disease?

4) Which of the pigments are lipogenic: a) hemomelanin, b) hemofuscin, cj hemosiderin, d) lipofuscin, e) lipochromin, f) pigment of vitamin E deficiency, g) enterochromaphylic cell pigment, h) ceroid.

5) Define which hemoglobin pigments are produced in normal (i) and pathological (ii) states: a) bilirubin, b) hematin, c) hemosiderin, d) hematoidin, e) ferritin, f) porfirin.

6) Name the organs which take part in regulation of calcium metabolism: a) liver, b) parathyroid glands, c) spleen, d) heart, e) thyroid gland, f) lungs.

7) Define the organs in which we often notice deposition of calcium salts in case of metastatic calcification: a) skin, b) lungs, c) stomach, d) spleen, e) kidneys, f) heart, g) arteries.

8) Name the local causes of stone formation: a) secretion disturbances, b) metabolic disturbances c) secretion stasis d) inflammation

Answers:

1) yes, 2) a, c, d, e, 3) d, 4) b, d, e, f, h, 5) I) a, c, e; II) b, d, f.6) b, e; 7) . b, c, e, f, g; 8) a, c, d;

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 984