Give the characteristics of the labor market.

The labor market - the scope of the demand and supply for labor. Through it sells labor for a specified period. The peculiarity of the labor market and its mechanism: the object of sale is it right to the use of labor, knowledge, skills and abilities to the labor process.

In broad terms, the labor market - a system of socio-economic and legal relations in society, norms and institutions to ensure the normal process of continuous reproduction of the labor force and the effective use of labor.
The relations in the labor market are regulated by public and state institutions
These relationships are inconsistent by virtue of the laws of supply and demand. In the process of exchange established their state of temporary equilibrium, which is expressed a certain level of employment and wages.
Demand for labor in conditions of free competition is influenced by two main factors: real wages and the cost of the marginal product of labor (the product of labor, produced the last worker hired.) Labor supply is directly dependent on the level of wages: the higher the salary, the higher the level of labor supply.

The labor market is often the most accurate detector of the social status of the population of a country. The emergence of the labor market is associated with the development of market relations and the development of capitalism. It was free labor, the employee may resign at any time, and not "bound" to the enterprise as a peasant in the feudal era characterized by the destruction of feudalism and the birth of capitalism.

Currently, labor mobility - one of the most important parameters for which the possible growth in the economy in general. Labor mobility is characterized by the actual capabilities of workers and their families to move to other areas to choose their place of residence, where they may be more advantageous offers of employment. Thus, labor mobility contributes to higher efficiency and productivity in the economy.

27. What is the difference between labor productivity and labor intensity?

Labor productivity - measures the amount of goods and services produced per unit of time or the amount of time consumed per unit of output. (LP=Q/T)

Labor productivity shows the effectiveness of labor process. Its growth means an increase in the number of products developed in the unit of time or saving time consumed per unit of output.

Labor intensity – shows the degree of intensity of labor per unit of time and measured by the amount of human energy expended. (LI = T/Q)

Mental and physiological capabilities determine the max level of intensity.

The difference between LP and LI: LP shows the norm of production (the amount of output per unit of time or number of products, which account for one average worker/employee for a year, quarter, month) and LI shows the time / cost of working time required to produce the goods/services.

The higher the proportion of labor costs required, the more labor intensive the business.

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 991