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Models of the labor markets.

Models of the labor market may be different. Depending on the degree of competition in the labor market, identify the model of purely competitive market, the monopsony model, a model taking into account the actions of trade unions, a bilateral monopoly.
A purely competitive market is characterized by the following features: a large number of firms competing with each other in the recruitment of a specific kind of labor; many skilled workers have the same qualifications, independently offer this type of service work, and neither the firm nor the workers do not exercise control over the market rate of wages board.
Monopsony model that is a monopoly buyer reflects a situation where an employer has a monopoly of force to buy (hire).
The model of the labor market taking into account the actions of trade unions that is in the labor market trade unions represent the interests of workers and on their behalf in talks with employers.
The model is characterized by bilateral monopoly to monopsony market conditions, which are strong sectoral unions. In other words, when combined monopsony model and taking into account the actions of trade unions there is a bilateral monopoly. The union is a monopoly seller of labor and controls the supply of labor and may influence the rate of wages. He opposes the monopsony employer of labor, which can also affect wages through changes in employment.
The American labor market model is based on maintaining the competitive state of the economy, preventing its highly centralized, encouraged the active role of employers, workers attitudes to individual success in making money. For U.S. employment policy orientation is characterized by a high territorial mobility of workers between companies, the complete professional training in educational institutions, the recognition of vocational qualification level of employees in the change in the firm's desire to reduce costs on a job training to a minimum. Wages in such enterprises established contracts, collective agreements, taking into account demand and supply of labor, the classification of work on complexity. Organization of trade unions is based on an occupational basis. Unemployment insurance is on the federal-regular basis. Businesses and employees pay contributions into a separate fund for unemployment insurance in the state and federal funds.

The Japanese model. A distinctive feature of the Japanese labor market model is a "system of lifetime employment", which provides guarantees for the entire period of employment of employees. These guarantees are the result of the current practice of relations between employees and employers, the owners of capital. They are not legally formalized, but are supported by trade unions. The Japanese model is characterized by paternalistic attitudes of CEOs to staff, attention to non-production workers' side of life and interest of the latter in all aspects of the enterprise.


The Swedish model is based on active employment policy pursued by the government. The State pays great attention to improving the competitiveness of the workforce through training, job creation in the public sector and private companies through subsidies. Employment policies are closely linked to general economic measures, in particular, the restrictive fiscal policy, "politics of solidarity" in wages, weak support groups, industries and regions.





Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1303


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