Marxism as one of the main ideology in the history.

Karl Marx. Friedrich Engels. Marxism.

By Elena Belyakova

University of economics, Prague

Introduction

In this paper, I would like to cosider works and concepts, which were introduced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The main concept and one of the most important work of Marx and Engels in the whole history was an ideology of Marxism.

Marxism - a system of views and studies of Marx. Marx in cooperation with Engels created the continuation and completion of the three main ideological currents of the 19th century, belonging to the three most advanced countries of humanity: classical German philosophy, classical English political economy and French socialism in connection with the revolutionary French studies in general. Using his own views, Marx laid down the basis of modern dialectical materialism and scientific socialism, as theory and program of the labor movement in all civilized countries of the world.

Karl Marx. Friedrich Engels.

Karl Marx was german philosopher and sociologist. He was born in 5 May 1818 in Trier. His works about society and relationships between bourgeoisie and proletariat were the foundation of social science in general. The teachings of Marx came into the public arena in the 40's, was a significant ideological and political movement in Europe in the 70-90 years of XIX century. Philosophies created by Marx are substantially different from traditional doctrines, systems and teachings.

Friedrich Engels, as Marx, was german philosopher and social scientist. He was born in 28 November in Barmen. Also Engels was the closest friend of Marx. Marx and Engels met each other in 1844 in Paris. After that was the beginning of the several common works, and hence publications. One the most important publication was “The Communist Manifesto”. It was published in 1848 and describes the classic struggle in the society, and it includes Marx’s and Engels’ ideas of how after capitalism would be socialism, and then communism as well. Even after Marx’s death, Engels continued work of their ideas, and also he continued translate work of Marx.

Marxism as one of the main ideology in the history.

After the second meeting, Marx and Engels, inspired by ideas of Marx, discovered that their views were the same. They started work together. As was mentioned before, marxism was the most important work of Marx and Engels.

Formulated a radical scientific communist theory, they armed the working class a revolutionary idea. The emergence of Marxism was prepared by the previous development of the capitalist economy, the revolutionary process and social thought. An important stage in the development of the capitalist economy was the industrial revolution, the most widely manifested in the first decades of the XIX century. It marked an unprecedented, throughout the previous history, accelerated development of the productive forces, which expressed in the transition from the manufactory to factory system, based on the extensive use of machinery. It determined the approval of the capitalist relations of production. An important historical prerequisite for the formation of Marxist ideology was the fact that capitalism defeated the feudalism in the developed countries of Western Europe, at that time have already showed not only its economic advantage over the previous method of production, but also the contradictory of its development: the increasing conflict between labor and capital. The industrial revolution, that have implemented first in England and then in other countries of Western Europe, has created a qualitatively new foundation for the development of productive forces and, therefore, a real prospect of a sharp increase, after the social revolution, in the production of material goods for the working people, and increasing in leisure time - the basics all-round development of all members of a future society free from exploitation. During the industrial revolution the working class made his first appearance on historical scene as an independent social force.

Already in the beginning of his career, Karl Marx took the radical, opposite liberal, position - instead of evolution, he suggested the revolutionary struggle and swung at the sacred right of the bourgeois property. In his work "The Communist Manifesto" (1848), he put forward the idea of the necessity of the proletariat have their own political party for the conquest of power. There's also developed the basic provisions of the strategy and tactics of the proletarian party, combining workers with the struggle for the ultimate goal. In "The Communist Manifesto" was proclaimed the basic idea of proletarian internationalism, concretised in the slogan "Proletarians of all countries, unite!".

As for Engels, lots of attention in Engels’ works was given to the consideration, starting from the "Capital" of Marx to wage and laws of its movement, associated with the class struggle of the proletariat, and its prospects.

Preparing for the release of the second and third books of "Capital", which opened a new stage in the history of Marxist political economy - one of the main historical merits of Engels. Although theoretical work of Engels in the political economy of capitalism was in unity with the "Capital" of Marx and was its continuation nevertheless, it had an independent high scientific value. At the same time, during the debate of setting out authentic views of Marx, Engels concretized some of the categories of "Capital" from the point of view, in which it appears in reality.

Political conception of Marxism was a realistic theory of the era of industrial revolution, sharp criticism of liberalism, an attempt to impose the values of the proletariat across the European community. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Marxism has spread significantly in many countries, which broke out movement of the working class. The teachings of Marx, came out into the public arena in the 40s, has become a significant ideological and political trends in Europe in 70-90-ies of the XIX century. Marxism has had a huge impact on the fate of civilization in the twentieth century.

Conclusion

Marx's philosophical materialism indicated to proletariat way out of spiritual slavery in which previously consisted all the oppressed classes. Marx's economic theory explained the actual position of the proletariat in the general system of capitalism.

Liberation from the shackles of social production of capitalism, the elimination of class differences due to destroying the foundations of division into dominant and oppressed classes - this is the historical significance of Marxism to the society. Explore the historical conditions, and with it, the nature of this revolution, and thus, to find out to the oppressed class, induced to accomplish this feat, the conditions of their own business - this is the task of scientific socialism, which is the theoretical expression of the proletarian movement.

The integrity of the multilateral justification of "components", universality of Marxism are largely explain the breadth of the spread and influence of this ideology in a rapidly changing world XIX-XX centuries.

References

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels (1848) “The Communist Manifesto”

Karl Marx (1867) “Capital”

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 920