Emergent diseases- are those not previously known or that have been absent for at least 20years.

Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research

SCHOOL OF GENERAL EDUCATION

MIDTERM

GEN 1030

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

September 29, 2011

Section # __________ Fall 2011

Instructor: ________________________

Student’s Surname___________________

ID #___________________

Please read the following examination rules. Any failure to observe the following rules will be considered cheating, and you will receive an F for the exam.

1. Candidates may not leave the room once the examination has started. Candidates leaving the examination room will not be allowed to come back into the examination room.

2. Candidates MUST produce their ID cards.

3. All books, materials, papers, notes, magazines, journals, bags, brief cases and other materials must be placed in the designated area.

4. All work must be carried out in the official answer sheet. No other paper may be used.

5. Candidates may not borrow anything from other candidates.

6. Talking to anyone other than the invigilator in the examination room is regarded as cheating.

7. The examination will be conducted in strict silence. Mobile phones, pagers, and clock/watch alarms must be turned off.

8. No questions may be asked after the examination is commenced.

9. All communications, in any form or looking at each other’s papers are strictly prohibited.

10. Any candidate continuing to work after the invigilator announced that time is up or after the “pens down” announcement will be considered to have breached the rules and committed an act of cheating.

I have read and understood the examination rules, and I take the full responsibility of the consequences of violating these rules.

(Signature) ___________________________

N Midterm (15 pts)

Multiple-choice questions (0.5 pts x 15 = 7.5 pts)

1. The World Summit on climate change with a goal to extend Kyoto protocol took place in ___________.

A) Rio-de-Janeiro, 1992
B) Copenhagen, 2009 (COP15)

C) Johannesburg, 2002
D) Montreal, 1987

2. ____________________ is the process by which plants are able to capture light energy and use that energy

to make glucose (organic matter).

A) Carbon cycle

B) Photosynthesis

C) Respiration

D) Green House Effect

3. In this diagram, which state of matter is represented by the letter B?

A) solid

B) plasma

C) gas

D) liquid

4. Put the following types of radiation in the order of decreasing their energy:

A) gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, radio waves, microwaves

B) gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, microwaves, radio waves

C) visible light, gamma rays, microwaves, gamma rays, X-rays

D) X-rays, gamma rays, visible light, radio waves, microwaves

5. A wolf that feeds on a rabbit (which eats only grass) is a ____________________

A) primary consumer

B) secondary consumer

C) tertiary consumer

D) herbivore

E) all of these choices are correct

6. Which of the following represent defensive mechanisms that allow organisms to survive in the environment?

A) Use of poison

B) Strong coloration

C) Mimicry

D) Camouflage coloration

E) All of the above

7. One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________________________.

A) least; provide free contraceptives

B) most; provide free contraceptives

C) most; pay people to undergo sterilization

D) least; decrease child mortality

E) most; decrease child mortality

8. ______________________ is made up of all the populations of different species living and interacting in n

a given area at a specific time

A) species

B) population

C) community

D) ecosystem

9. The term undernourished refers to a person whose diet

A) has insufficient calories

B) has limited protein

C) has an imbalance of nutrients

D) has lack of fiber

E) none of the above

10. People are very likely to develop the following disease due to the lack of iodine in their diet:

A) anemia

B) thyroid problems

C) kwashiorkor

D) blindness.

11. All the following represent biotic factors EXCEPT

A) Competition

B) Predation

C) Parasitism

D) Precipitation

E) Pollination

12. Chemical substances that specifically control the population growth of weeds are called:

A) Insecticides

B) Fungicides

C) Herbicides

D) Pesticides

13. Which of the following is not true about saiga antelope species in Kazakhstan?

A) Meat of saiga antelopes was not used in people’s diet

B) Population of saiga antelopes experienced dramatic decline after perestroika

C) Saiga antelopes were killed by poachers because of high medicinal value of saigas’ horns

D) Saiga antelopes are listed as critically endangered species in Red Book

14. Which one of the following is not an example of a biome?

A) desert

B) land

C) wetland

D) tundra

15. One gram of alcohol supplies more calories than one gram of protein.

A) True

B) False

B. Fill in blanks (0.5 x 2 = 1 pt):

1.carcinogens are chemicals that cause cancer, while mutagens damage or alter genetic material (DNA) in cells.

2. Any reduction in the quality of the environment by introduction of impurities is called Pollution

C. Answer the following question (2 points):

Define EMERGING DISEASES.

Give at least three examples of such diseases; name the agents causing them.

Emergent diseases- are those not previously known or that have been absent for at least 20years.

AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis in Russia , west nile virus, bird flu, cholera

Bird flu-there have been at least 39 outbreaks of emergent diseases over the past decades.Including the extremely deadly Ebola, Marburg fevers(Central Asia)

Cholera –absent from South America for more than century ,reemerged in Peru(1992)

D. Solve the following problem (2.5 points):

The world population reached 6.89 bln people on January 1, 2011. Calculate the following:

A) World population size in 2009 if the annual growth rate between 2009 and 2011 was ~1.1%?

B) Population change for two-year period and crude growth rate in year 2010.

C) Doubling time.

Ethyl alcohol is a well-known psychoactive drug, made by fermentation of agricultural products such as wheat, potatoes, corn, etc. Alcohol abuse by humans may cause acute conditions such as intoxication, coma and even death. The animal testing experiment on rats resulted in the graph shown below: LD50 curve for adult rats who were administered orally (через рот) increasing doses of alcohol.

a) Name Y-axis for this graph.

b) Find LD50 value of alcohol dose for adult rats (in g /kg) and explain its meaning.

c) Calculate ‘Lethal Dose 50’ in g/ rat for the average rat assuming its weight is 200 g.

d) How many rats may be killed with one bottle of vodka?

Use the following information: one bottle is 0.5 L; 1 ml ~ 1 g (for simplicity);

vodka contains 40% alcohol).

BONUS (2 points):

Express your position on the following topic:

INTRODUCED / INVASIVE SPECIES

• 1. Give one example of introduced or invasive species.

Invasive species – cause damage to ecosystem

Successful exotics tend to be prolific, opportunistic species, such as goats, cats, and pigs.

2. What was the purpose and the result of its migration? ozimiz

3. Was it successful story or not? Why?

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1199