The countryside of England is very varied. One can see hills, moorlands, wooded slopes and rich farmlands.

Choose synonyms.

Countryside, ploughland, grazing land, landowner, ownership, permit, a piece of land, rural area, pasture, property, allow, landlord, a parcel of land, range, a plot of land, strip.

5. Translate, paying attention to the Infinitive construction "Complex Ob­ject".

11. I know him to be a very good doctor

12. I don't like you to be late. ;

13. I asked him to come tomorrow,

14. We knew him to be a clever man.

15. I don't expect this fine weather to continue.

16. He wants you to come as soon as possible.

17. 1 heard him speak in the next room.

18. English people think Cambridge and Oxford to be the best universities in the world.

19. We want you to make your own solution.

20. I don't think these people to be very intelligent.

21. Humid and hot climate allows farmers to grow valuable tropical crops.

Translate paying attention to the construction it is (was)...that

12. It is the system of ley farming that is very suitable for the soil and weather in Britain.

13. It is due to great quantities of manure, fertilizers and other chemicals that yields per acre are among the highest in the world.

14. It was at that time that the peasants said: "The sheep ate the шал".

15. It is land use planning that I am interested in.

16. It was the richest landowners that wanted to change the old system of land use.

TEXT A History of the British Land Use.1 текст

Britain is one of the most overcrowded countries in the world. More thim 55 million people are packed into a small island.

The countryside of England is very varied. One can see hills, moorlands, wooded slopes and rich farmlands.

For centuries England's arable land lay under old Open Field or Three-Field system.pjider this system much land lay fallow for a long time. The cattle could graze on common pastureland. Crops were grown on the ploughland, which was divided into strips.

Barley and oats, beans and peas, wheat and iye were the main crop. Sheep grazed on t'he fallow land while cattle grazed on the common land.

The land use system of large open fields existed in various forms for almost one thousand years. Then in the 18—th century/the richest landowners put forward a petition to the Parliament asking permission for changing the land use system. They wanted the common land to be divided and Open Field system to be changed. The new map was drawn up which allocated land to each person, who would pay a large sum of money.

' The rich landowners now could have enough land for pasture. It was at that time that the peasants said: "The sheep ate the man".

Each landowner had the duty of enclosing his new piece of land. Millions of acres of arable land had been enclosed by the landowners. Enclosure had to be paid for.""rhe costs were often very high including legal charges and fees of the land use planners as well as the payment for fencing, ditching and construction of roads.

Land was wealth.^Large landowners let out estates to tenant fanners and they received good rents. A small number owned their own land while many others rented farms.

8. Read text A and answer these questions:

1. What is the countryside of England like?

2. What is "Open Field" system?

3. What crops were the main crops?

4. For how long did this land use system exist?

5. How did the richest landowners want to change the old land use system?

6. Why did peasants say that "Sheep ate the man"?

7. What did the costs of enclosure include?

8. Why was land wealth to landlords?

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Date: 2015-12-17; view: 980