Exercises.

Exercise 35. Analyse the meanings of should. Translate thesentences into Russian.

1. "Chief Inspector Taverner thinks that Brenda and Laurence did it together because they're in love with each other." "You shouldn't say things like that, Josephine." "Why not? They are in love with each other." (A.Chr.) 2. Miss Curleigh, tell me: why should a wealthy old lady who is almost completely paralysed stealthily purchase six cats within a period of five weeks? (E.Q.) 3. "We should do something to celebrate it," Diana said. (D.S.) 4. Carter said that I should have been an advocate. (J.Ch.) 5. The duck salad should be served while the duck is still warm, so have everything else ready while it is in the oven. (S.Times) 6. Any butler who aspires at all to a "dignity in keeping with his position" … should never allow himself to be "off duty" in the presence of others. (K.I.) 7. Why should one not enjoy in a light-hearted sort of way stories of ladies and gentleman who fall in love and express their feelings for each other, often in the most elegant phrases? (K.I.) 8. But perhaps one should not be looking back for the past so much. (K.I.) 9. "Sir, you should have made known your presence." "Indeed?" (M.Mit.) 10. But why should Nicole get such an idea? (F.S.F.) 11. Henry Maturin can't live for ever, high blood pressure, you know, and by the time Gray's forty he should be worth twenty million dollars. (S.M.) 12. He thought she should think about retiring. (D.S.) 13. "How should I know what I was talking about when I didn't know what I was saying?" he snapped. (S.M.) 14. Why, she asked, pressing her chin on James's head, should they grow so fast? Why should they go to school? (V.W.) 15. But to be consistent the murderer should have chosen his towns in some definite sequence. (A.Chr.) 16. If Mr. Joseph Sedley is rich and unmarried why should I not marry him? (W.Th.) 17. We have found the bottle, empty, with no fingerprints on it. In the normal way there should have been fingerprints. (A.Chr.) 18. "You should have asked me," she said later. (E.S.) 19. A crusty old grumbler who lost his temper if the porridge was cold, why should he preach to us? (V.W.) 20. She should try not to feel overwhelmed by the need to answer the question, "Should I stay or should I leave?" (N.I.)

Exercise 36. Analyse the meanings of ought (to). Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. What he had not foreseen was the kind of night this had turned out to be – though he ought to have foreseen it… (A.H.) 2. But he ought to have had baggage, as a cover. (A.H.) 3. Nor ought it to be forgotten that, tornado the close of the period, there was a revival of the study of Greek, Latin, and Italian authors, which had a most refining effect on the literature of the time. (F.A.L.) 4. Old Miss de Haviland – I think she ought to have gone away when he got married. (A.Chr.) 5. He wants to work, he feels he ought to, and it humiliates him not to be wanted. (S.M.) 6. "I don't think," she said with dignity, "that you ought to ask me things like that." (A.Chr.) 7. There are too many years between us. You ought to have waited, and then married a boy of your own age. (D.M.) 8. She had all the courage and the spirit of a boy. She ought to have been a boy, I often told her that. (D.M.) 9. "We ought never to have stayed in Italy," he said. "We ought never to have come back to Manderlay. Oh, god, what a fool I was to come back." (D.M.) 10. You ought to be ashamed to always encourage her in her tomboyish way, Julius. (M.F.) 11. With my knowledge of languages I ought to be of some service in the Censorship Department. (E.Z.) 12. It was all wrong, this situation. It ought not to be happening at all. (D.M.) 13. Sophia looked at me. "Oughtn't you to go with the Inspector?" (A.Chr.) 14. They've gone to the Tuileries Gardens, but they ought to be in soon. (S.M.) 14. So the months went by. Yvette really ought to have had a good time. She was always out to parties and dances… (D.H.L.) 15. … and in the morning I'll call on old Mrs. Higgins and ask her what I ought to do. (B.Sh.) 16. We've been friends for some time. So I really ought to be truthful with you. (K.I.) 17. "I really ought to be retiring," I said. "I feel quite exhausted." (K.I.) 18. You ought to have a hot bath and go to bed. (J.Ch.)

Exercise 37. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the infinitive.

1. I think you oughtn't (to go) into the police. You can find a more decent job. 2. The party is to take place tonight. What should I (to wear)? 3. Then he did what he ought (to do) long ago. 4. Such things oughtn't (to say) behind his back. You must openly discuss with him everything. 5. He has broken the window again! He should (to punish). 6. You ought (to be) with us last Christmas. It was such fun! 7. "You should (to tell) me all this before!" she exclaimed. 8. "She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday." "She ought (to be) more careful." 9. Yes, I think what you are saying ought (to be) true. 10. "Though he's got a high temperature he's gone somewhere." "You shouldn't (to let) him go!" 11. Stop it! You shouldn't (to quarrel) in our presence! 12. I am sick and tired of the place. Why should I (to stay) here till Sunday? 13. He's too old to think about marrying this girl. He should (to leave off) his follies at once. 14. They trust you. You shouldn't (to go back) on your promise. 15. What should I (to say) if they ask me about it? 16. You ought (to be) more attentive when you are typing. 17. You ought (to be) more attentive when you were typing this document. 18. When you are in Paris you should (to use) every opportunity to see its wonders. 19. "I liked the picture." "Then you should (to buy) it." "I didn't have enough money." 20. I don't really know if I ought (to tell) him the truth. 21. The guests will be arriving soon. You oughtn't (to sit and to do) nothing! 22. I think we should (to make up) a plan before we start working.

Exercise 38. Translate the sentences into English using should, ought (to) or both.

1. С какой стати буду я тебе лгать? 2. Тебе следовало бы промолчать, а не пытаться ответить на этот глупый вопрос. 3. По всем приметам погода завтра должна быть просто чудесной! 4. Ради ее капризов тебе не следует приносить в жертву собственные интересы. 5. Он всегда был прав. Он должен быть прав и на этот раз. 6. Какие же вы злые дети! Вы не должны смеяться над ее заиканием. 7. Ты ведь неплохо рисуешь. Тебе нужно попытаться изобразить этот великолепный пейзаж. 8. Он всю жизнь проработал врачом. Уж он-то должен знать, какое лекарство тебе может помочь. Думаю, ты должен прислушаться к его советам. 9. Должно быть, он очень изобретательный человек, раз нашел такое оригинальное решение. 10. Не следует тебе класть эти деньги в банк, лучше купи на них что-нибудь. 11. Ей не следовало делать такие колкие замечания. Никто бы и не обиделся. 12. Чего ради было нам конкурировать в ними? 13. Не нужно тебе надевать эту шляпу с вуалью. Это выглядит старомодно. 14. С ее тонкими чертами лица она должна была бы быть красавицей, но, как ни странно, она ею не была. 15. Тебе нужно было петь под аккомпанемент рояля, тогда твое пение произвело бы большее впечатление. 16. Ей нужно было думать о последствиях раньше. 17. Ты не должен был жениться на этой женщине. Ей нужны только твои деньги. 18. Ради своей семьи ты должен согласиться на это предложение. 19. Тебе надо было предупредить меня, что к обеду ты не придешь. 20. Вам следует приходить сюда почаще.

Exercise 39. Say whether should is auxiliary or modal.

1. I thought it odd that they should both have the same opinion. I should have imagined that inference was the one thing Mrs. Danvers did not want. (D.M.) 2. "I should study the pictures in the gallery, Madam, if I were you … ." (D.M.) 3. I crouched against the wall of the gallery so that I should not be seen. (D.M.) 4. "I should go to bed if I were you." (D.M.) 5. If she had come any closer to me I should have fainted. (D.M.) 6. Incidentally, if you should get anything on Roschmann, we should be delighted to have it. (F.F.) 7. "Duncan, stop that," she chided gently. "You should know by now when I am teasing." (J.L.) 8. I should not have known what to do through this bad time but for you. (A.Chr.) 9. Should a student with outstanding linguistic ability be required to study science or mathematics beyond some basic minimum? (E.J.) 10. Should we expect high ability students to achieve at an equally outstanding level in al subject areas? (E.J.) 11. The Speaker ruled that the MP should withdraw his remark. (S.T.) 12. How should I have seen them if they hadn't been there? (A.Chr.) 13. "That's just what I didn't want," Mr. Jensen said grimly. "You should have stopped them." (A.Hit.) 14. Had it come from anyone else, I should have turned the question aside with a sneer. (S.L.) 15. Maybe you think you should entrust your money to an expert. If you do, you may be disappointed. (S.T.) 16. "What a funny watch!" she remarked. "It tells the day of the month, and doesn't tell what o'clock it is!" "Why should it," muttered the Hatter. (L.C.) 17. "And who are these?" said the Queen pointing to the three gardeners… . "How should I know," said Alice, surprised at her own courage. "It's no business of mine." (L.C.)

Shall

6.9. The modal verb shall has the following meanings:

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