Ems and SDs based on the intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon

Simile - the intensification of some feature of the concept in question is realized in a device called simile. Ordinary comparison and simile shouldn't be confused. To use a simile is to characterize one object by bringing it into contact with another object belonging to an entirely different class of things. Comparison takes into consideration all the properties of the two objects stressing the one that is compared. e.g. The boy seems to be as clever as his mother, (ordinary comparison, because boy and mother are human beings) Simile: maidens like moths are rather caught by blare. Similes may be based on adjective attributes, adverb modifiers, verb predicates etc. they have formal elements in their structure. Formal elements in the structure of similes - connective words: as, like. such. If not for the structural word we would call the simile a metaphor. F.e. Emily Button was very pink, very Dresden-China-Shepherdess – пастушка с немецкого фарфора. Hackneyed Similes: busy as a bee, blind as a bat, to work like a horse, to fly like a bird. They have seized to be genuine similes and have become cliches in which the second component has become an adverbial intensifier. Their logical meaning is only vaguely perceived.

Periphrasis is a device which denotes the use of a longer phrasing in place of a possible shorter and plainer form of expression. = Circumlocution (иносказание)due to the roundabout or in direct way used to name a familiar object or phenomenon.

Periphrasis aims at pointing to one of the seemingly insignificant features or properties of the given object and intensifies this property by naming the object by this property. The meaning of the device is only understood in context. If it is understandable outside the context it is not a stylistic device but a synonymous expression. These are called traditionally dictionary language. Speech (dictionary) periphrases. The kep and gown graduates. A gentlemen of long robe – a lawyer. The fair sex - women. My better half.

We are to differentiate traditional periphrasis (language periphrasis) and speech periphrasis. Hackneyed periphrasis: to tie the knot (to marry), high pay and less work. Stylistic periphrasis: -Logical is based on one of the inherent (неотъемлимый) properties of the object described: the most pardonable of human weaknesses (Ch.D.) (love); the object of his admiration: instruments of destruction. The punctual servant of all work – sun. Figurative - is based either on metaphor or on metonymy. The key word of the collocation is used figuratively: in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes.

Euphemism is a word or phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a conventionally more acceptable one. to make smb redundant = to fire smb

Euphemisms may be divided into several groups according to their spheres of application. The most recognized are the following: 1) religi­ous, 2) moral, 3) medical and 4) parliamentary 5) political. The life of euphemisms is short. They very soon become closely as­sociated with the referent (the object named) and give way to a newly-coined word or combination of words, which, being the sign of a sign, throws another veil over an unpleasant or indelicate concept. political euphemisms. These are really understatements, the aim of which is to mislead public opinion and to express what is unpleasant in a more delicate manner.

hуperbоle. It can be defined as a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a feature essential (unlike periphrasis) to the object or phenomenon. In its extreme form this exagge­ration is carried to an illogical degree. Like many stylistic devices, hyperbole may lose its quality as a sty­listic device through frequent repetition and become a unit of the language-as-a-system. Hyperbole differs from mere exaggeration in that it is intended to be understood as an exaggeration.

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1611