Types of Predicate

Predicates may be classified in two ways, one of which is based on their structure (simple and compound), and the other on their morphological characteristics (verbal and nominal).

If we take the structural classification as the basic one we obtain the following types:

A Simple predicate

(1) Verbal

(2) Nominal

В Compound predicate

(1) Verbal

(2) Nominal

If we were to take the morphological classification as the basic one the result would be the following:

A Verbal predicate

(1) Simple,

(2) Compound

В Nominal predicate

(1) Simple

(2) Compound

The ultimate result is of course the same in both cases.

Most of the predicate types mentioned here do not call for any comment. However, something has to be said on two questions: the simple nominal predicate and the limits of the compound verbal predicate.

The simple nominal predicate, that is, a predicate consisting merely of a noun or an adjective, without a link verb, is rare in English, but it is nevertheless a living type and must be recognised as such.

The spheres of its use appear to be mainly two. One of these is found in sentences where the immediate neighbourhood of the subject noun and the predicate noun or adjective is used to suggest the impossibility or absurdity of the idea that they might be connected. Sentences with this kind of simple nominal predicate are always exclamatory, that is, they are pronounced with the exclamatory intonation, and have an exclamation mark in writing. For instance, the sentence from a play by Shaw, My ideas obsolete!!!!!!! (with seven exclamation marks) expresses the speaker's indignation at hearing his ideas characterised as obsolete by a younger man. * It would not do to call such sentences elliptical (see also p. 261), since the» link verb cannot be added without completely changing the meaning of the sentence.

In our next example the subject is followed by an infinitive with an inserted clause between them: Such an old, old lady, he came near to saying out loud to himself, to come so far, on a train called the Blue Mountain, out of the south, into the north. (BUECHNER) The infinitive to come here clearly performs the function of predicate.

¹ O. Jespersen calls such sentences "nexus of deprecation" (see O. Jespersen, A Modern English Grammar, Part III, p. 372 ff.).

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1240