WHEAT PRODUCTS

A large number of different cereals can enter into the manufacture of flour. It may be made from rye, barley, corn, etc. But the foremost of all these is wheat. Wheat flour is known to be used in all bakery products. Some wheats give a high yield and are distinguished for excellent baking quality.

Durum wheat is used for the manufacture of the best grades of macaroni goods. This kind of wheat is seldom used in bread baking because of the high creamy color which is retained in the baked products.

As mentioned above macaroni is one of the many foods made from wheat. Durum wheat ordinarily contains a high percentage of gluten, the quality of which is especially suitable for macaroni products. Durum is a spring wheat which means that it is planted in spring. It originated in the Orient, either in China or Japan. It seems to be more likely that German travelers learned how to make noodles during their visits to Asia. In the fifteenth century the Italians learned from Germans how to make noodles. Macaroni was first made by hand. A small macaroni industry developed first in Italy, and by 1800 the first mechanical devices for the manufacture of macaroni products appeared in Italy. Now large and complex machines are used to make macaroni of uniform high quality under carefully controlled conditions. Nowadays only in south-east Asia there are many small shops where macaroni is still made just as it was made many centuries ago.

Bread. To form a dough the flour, water, yeast and salt with any other ingredients, such as fat, yeast activators must be mixed in mixers.

The second main phase of bread production is fermentation. Then the dough is cut into accurately weighed individual pieces, the latter being shaped into the form of a loaf.

The baking process is the last and at the same time the most important step in the production of bread. The final processing of baked bread includes its cooling, slicing and wrapping.

Notes

Ex. 1. Answer the following questions:

1. What cereals can enter into manufacture of flour?

2. What type of wheat can be used for macaroni goods? And why?

3. What is the history of macaroni industry?

4. What are the phases of bread baking process?

Ex. 2. Retell the text.

Text 8

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1034