Industrialization: the nature, pace, results

The main goal of industrialization:

-Elimination of the technical and economic backwardness of the country;

-Achieving economic independence;

-Create a strong defense industry;

-Priority development of basic industries (fuel, metallurgical, chemical, mechanical engineering);

-Formation of the working class and the production staff and technical intelligentsia.

The course of industrialization in Kazakhstan.

Industrialization in Kazakhstan began with the development of mineral resources of minerals, the development of mining industries: non-ferrous metals, coal and oil industries. In the years of industrialization occurred railroads. The construction of a road linking Siberia and Central Asia (Turksib), stretching 1,445 km began in April 1927, 25 April 1930, 17 months ahead of time, it has been completed. In 1927 a road was built Petropavlovsk - Kokchetav, extended in 1931 to Akmola. In 1939, the export of raw materials from Kazakhstan, Akmola roads were built - Karaganda, Iletsk - Uralsk, Rubcovsk - Ridder, and in 1940 - Karaganda - Dzhezkazgan. Major construction projects of that period were: Shymkent lead plant Balkhash copper and polymetallic complexes Achisaysky. The construction of the Tekeli Dzhezkazgan copper and polymetallic complexes, Ust-Kamenogorsk lead-zinc smelter. It was the largest non-ferrous metals, not only in Kazakhstan but also in the USSR.

The construction of the chemical industry in Shymkent and Aktobe and other regions. Increased electricity production: Karaganda CES, Ulba plant, CHP Balkhash copper plant construction projects have been accelerated at the time. Developed Emba oil region. Were expanded old crafts: Kosshatyl, Makat, developed new fields: Kulsari, Sagyz. Kazakhstan is in second place in the Union for the production of non-ferrous metals, the third-largest oil producer, has become the third Karaganda coal base.

In the years of industrialization have been built and large enterprises in the food industry: Semipalatinsk meat-Guryevsky fish cannery, Alma-Ata canned fruit plant, sugar refineries in Jambul, Merka, Taldy-Kurgan.

Industrialization has produced results. In the industry sector in Kazakhstan has become the dominant industry. In 1939, its share was 58.9%. A number of villages into a city, such as Karaganda, Ridder, Balkhash, the Aral Sea - Sea etc. The share of the urban population, respectively, increased from 8.2% to 27.7%. Formed group of skilled workers, engineers and technicians. In 1926, workers employed in the national economy amounted to 10.7%, and in 1939 they became 33.8%.

Soviet cultural modernization in Kazakhstan (20-30-s)

In the conditions of sharp falling of authority of Provisional government and actually anarchy on October 25 (on November 7), 1917, in Petrograd the armed revolution which has brought to power a collision of the most radical parts of social democratic й to socialist-revolutionary party, the majority and the left members of Just Russia was made. Functions of the government were transferred. To Council of People's Commissars led by In I.Ulyanov (Lenin). The decrees adopted on C congress of Councils of workers and soldier's deputies, proclaimed an exit of Russia from war, earth transfer to peasants and universal establishment of the power of councils of various levels.

Quickly enough took in hand the power Councils in Syr-Darya and Semirechensky the areas which were a part of a Turkestani general governorship. Colonial character of the Soviet power in the southern areas of Kazakhstan was visually shown by Sh regional congress of the councils which has taken place in Tashkent on November 15-22 X1X17 of. Here the Soviet Turkestani Autonomy was proclaimed. In a counterbalance on November 26 in Kokand there began the work the IV extraordinary Muslim congress Turkestani Mukhtariat's declaration (autonomy) led by Temporary Council was which main outcome, the Head of Provisional government of Turkestan became Tynyshbayula's M, the minister of foreign affairs - m of Shokay. Thus, in the south of Kazakhstan in November - December of 19 17 g there was a peculiar diarchy.

However the Soviet authorities in Tashkent did not want to be reconciled with existence of the Muslim government oppositional by it. In the night of November 6, 1918 to Kokand all armed forces of the Soviet Turkestan and Temporary Council were thrown was curtailed.

At a neutrality of the main part of the Cossacks in Orenburg the Soviet power was established, however it existed not for long. The ataman of the Orenburg Cossack army A.Dutov with support of Alash party and Mensheviks arrested members of the Orenburg Council.

At the end of 1917 the power passed to Councils in Kustanai, Turgaye Aktyubinske, and in January, 1918 - in Orenburg Dutov and his allies receded to the steppe.

In November-December, 1917 in the majority of the cities of northern Kazakhstan the power passed to Bolsheviks. The Soviet power was established by the armed way in Semipalatinsk in February and in True in March, 1918. Only in Uralsk Bolsheviks did not manage to overthrow the army government of the Cossack army.

In spite of the fact that in the majority of the large cities of Kazakhstan in November, 1917 - March, 1918 the Soviet power was proclaimed, influence of Bolsheviks was not beyond the cities and the territories adjacent to the railroads. The most part of the population, especially in the steppe regions of Kazakhstan; submitted to the government of Alash-Ordy and its local Committees, and the Cossack stations - to the army governments.

Irreconcilability of positions of Bolsheviks and their political opponents led in the spring of 1918 to expansion of large-scale military operations on all territory of the country. Occasion to start the armed.

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1018