Art, beliefs, tribes of the Bronze Age

Bronze Age began in the 2nd millennium BC The progress of the Bronze Age society was determined by two factors: the bronze metallurgy and animal husbandry. Natural Resources of Kazakhstan polymetals was one of the main causes of this territory significant hearth production of bronze, who had a great influence on the development of the surrounding tribes.

The restructuring of the primitive economy was also determined and climate change. Thus, in the Bronze Age, to replace cool-wet phase comes more than thousand-year period of gradual climate change in the direction of warming and greater dryness, there is a period of dry and hot climate.

Start these processes coincided with the change of the demographic situation in Kazakhstan. It was at this time, here are beginning to move large groups of pastoralists, owned by language to the community, which is called the Indo-European.

In the 3rd millennium BC, with the development of livestock and borrowing from the ancient oriental civilization wheeled carts (through the Caucasus and the Danube), began the eastern migration of Indo-Europeans.

The largest shifts to the east of the tribal groups of the Volga and Black Sea region occurred in the years 1800-1600. BC, when the steppe were two new archaeological community or culture. West, formed between the Dnieper and the Volga, was called "carcass" of culture (in a manner of burial in log cabins). Eastern prevailing in the steppes of Kazakhstan and Southern Siberia (by identifying the place around with. Andronovka on the Yenisei), became known as the "Andronovo" culture.

A study of the monuments of the Andronov culture, archaeologists have come to the conclusion that the area it extends not only to Western Siberia and the valley of the upper Yenisei, but up in the south of the Central Tien-Shan Mountains, southern Tajikistan, Afghanistan. However, the native territory remain Kazakhstan and adjacent areas of the Urals.

It is here that were found ancient monuments Andronovo culture. Andronovo culture existed for about eight or nine centuries, and its development in three phases: early (18-16 cc. BC), advanced (14-13 cc. BC) and late (12-11 c. BCE).

Archaeological evidence indicates that Andronovskaya population overwhelmingly led a sedentary lifestyle. The villages were located along rivers with wide floodplain meadows. Large patriarchal family erected huts with various outbuildings and corrals for livestock. It is obvious that as long as there was a threat of private attacks, no other way to graze cattle were not. But, according to archaeologists, after the 15th century BC, there were unfortified settlement. Then there was a new form of livestock - stripping. The shepherds in the spring drove the herd to pasture long, migrated together with the cattle, and only fall back to the village. On the distant pastures, they were built of poles lightweight frame houses, with walls made of braided or mats - a kind of ancestors yurts.

It was the distant-pasture cattle intermediate link in the transition to a more productive way of development of the steppe and semi-desert grassland - nomadic pastoralism. An important prerequisite to such lifestyle changes was the composition of herds, which were particularly numerous horses and sheep, more suited to the extraction of other food under the snow and the long-range movements. In the same vein, increased population of Bactrian camels - Bactrian. There were also adapted to the long-range migrations felt tents mounted on four-wheel carts, fragments of clay models found during the excavation of the Andronovo settlements and tents on the carts themselves are depicted on the rocks among other petroglyphs.

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 993