Elections

Unlike in some parliamentary systems, Americans vote for a specific candidate instead of directly selecting a particular political party. With a federal government, officials are elected at the federal (national), state and local levels. On a national level, the President, is elected indirectly by the people, through an Electoral College. In modern times, the electors virtually always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of Congress, and the offices at the state and local levels are directly elected.

Both federal and state laws regulate elections. The United States Constitution defines (to a basic extent) how federal elections are held, in Article One and Article Two and various amendments. State law regulates most aspects of electoral law, including primaries, the eligibility of voters (beyond the basic constitutional definition), the running of each state's electoral college, and the running of state and local elections.

25. Man and law:

1) law enforcement systems

Law enforcement in Ukraine is the responsibility of a variety of different agencies.

As Ukraine is a largely centralised state, regional law enforcement agencies do not really exist in the way that they do in theUnited States, Germany or the UK. In Ukraine, the national police service (Militsiya) is directly responsible to the central government, and while it operates with an organisational structure that allows oblast and local metropolitan commands to exist, the regional authorities do not have any major say in law enforcement policy, and cannot affect the day-to-day operations of their local force.

The Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, and particularly the Militsiya, have been criticised for providing private security services to business and industrial complexes throughout Ukraine. While this, in accordance with Ukrainian law, is a legal undertaking on the part of the Ukrainian police, it has become highly unpopular, as the force is largely seen to place priority on responding to private security calls instead of emergency calls from citizens.

In addition to local and national 'police' forces, there are also a number of specialised agencies which operate with more specific objectives in mind.

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 866