FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC CURRENT

Subtechnical vocabulary

electricity (noun)

the power that is used to provide light and to make machines work

The electricity provides mankind with the energy.

static electricity (adjective +noun)

electricity that is not flowing in a current, but collects on the surface of an object

Static electricity can give a small electric shock.

observe (verb)

to see and notice something

We observed something unusual and interesting in the sky.

mention (verb)

to talk about something or someone in a conversation, especially without saying very much

or giving details.

As I mentioned earlier, this has been a very successful year for my company.

obtain (verb)

to get something through your own effort, skill or work

Good results can be obtained at the end of research.

discharge (noun)

electricity that is sent out by a piece of equipment, a storm, etc.

If a piece of electrical equipment discharges or is discharged, it sends out electricity.

contribution (noun)

something that you give or do to help it be successful or useful

Einstein was awarded to the Nobel Prize for his contribution to the Quantum Theory.

unit (noun)

an amount or quantity of something used as a standard of measurement

There are three practical units: the ohm, the ampere, the volt.

discovery (noun)

a fact or a thing that someone discovered, it was hidden or not known before

Astronomers made significant discoveries about our galaxy.

electron (noun)

a very small piece of matter that moves around the nucleus (central part) of an atom

The current which flows along wires consists of moving electrons.

fuel (noun)

a substance such as coal, gas or oil that can be burned to produce heat or energy

Coal is one of the cheapest fuels.

induce (verb)

to cause a particular physical condition

This drug may induce drowsiness.

revolve (verb)

to rotate or spin around

The metal disc revolves at high speed.

electrolyte (noun)

a liquid that can be separated into chemical parts by passing electricity through it

The electrolytes charge greatly when the current passes through them.

terminal (noun)

one of the points at which you can connect wires in the electrical circuit

Electrons move from the negatively charged terminal to the positively charged terminal.

push (verb)

to make someone or something move by using something to put pressure on them

With a light push the car started moving down the slope.

assume (verb)

to think that something is true, although you have no proof of it

I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you had gone out.

decrease (verb)

to reduce ,to do down, to become lower

He refused to accept the 20% decrease of his salary.

increase (verb)

to become larger in amount, number or degree

The population of London increased dramatically in the first half of the century.

A. Read and translate the following international words.

static, electrolyte, cycle, theory, result, boiler, contact, fact ,problem, subject, rotor, terminal, gas, effect, positive, negative, real idea, electron, indicator, electricity, progress, battery, transformer, machine, specific, generator, lamp, radar, universal, galaxy, energy, design, material, compact, limit, computer.

B. Give all the meanings of the following words.

current, table, iron, power, needle, pressure, wire, state, generation, battery, alternating, direct,

electricity.

C. Give the antonyms of these adjectives, using the prefixes un-/ -im and translate them into Russian.

material, limited, important, usual, natural, necessary, known, qualified, changing, seen, possible, personal, mobile, perfect, questionable.

B. liquid, means, instrument, difference, mercury, matter, condition, charge, heat, light, flow, opposite, behavior, purpose, appearance, property, consumption, advantage, completely, power, to cover, source, application ,to invent, to reduce.

E. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, define the Tenses in which the verb

to have is used.

1. Electricity has many useful properties: it is clean and generates no by-products.

2. It has many important applications in industry as well as in our houses.

3. The latest laser devices have found application in medicine.

4. Electricity has provided mankind with the most efficient source of energy.

5. No other source of energy has been so widely used as electricity.

6. We have many different electric devices in our houses.

7. Our lives have been completely transformed with the appearance of electricity.

8. The generator replaced batteries that had been used before.

9. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.

F .Translate these sentences from English into Russian, paying attention to the Tense and

the Voice of verbs.

1. It is well-known that two scientists Lodygyn and Yablochkov were the first in Russia to work

in the field of electrical engineering.

2. One of the main advantages of electricity is that it does not pollute the environment.

3. The indicator of nation development is how much electricity is consumed per capita.

4. It is evident that the electricity will be the energy of the future.

5. The transformer was invented and the first electric lines and networks were set up at the end

of the 19^th century.

6. New powerful electric stations must be built because electricity offers high standards of life

and work.

7. A combination of electric lines and networks are being set up throughout the country.

8. Electric power has become universal.

9. Electricity is transmitted to the distant parts of our country by a combination of electric

networks.

10. Our power stations have been connected by high voltage transmission lines.

G .Read and translate the text without a vocabulary.

Date: 2015-01-12; view: 1144