CONJUNCTIONS

Exercise 1. Put the beginnings and ends together.

Do you know how to use these conjunctions: so that (purpose or result), while, as long as/provided (contrast), until, as if/though?

Let’s start now, so that we’re sure to have enough time.

The summers here are wet, while the winters are very dry.

You can go out as long as (provided) you tell us where you’re going.

I’ll look after the kids until you get back.

I feel as if (as though) I’m getting a cold.

In a formal style whereas can be used in the same way as while.

Sound travels at 330 metres per second, whereas light travels at 300.000 kilometres per second.

Exercise 2. Put in suitable conjunctions.

You can have my bike ........ you bring it back tomorrow.

I’m staying here ......... I get my money back.

It was very dark in the passage ......... I couldn’t see where I was going.

Joe was short and dark ......... his sister was the exact opposite.

You look ......... you’ve seen a ghost.

He won’t get any money .......... He finishes the work properly.

It looks …....... it’s going to rain.

You can cancel the ticket .......... you tell the airline 48 hours in advance.

I’m going to the bank now ............ I’ll have enough money for shopping.

........... I think his novels are good, his poetry isn’t up to much.

Exercise 3. Join the beginnings and ends with so that or as long as.

Exercise 4. Rewrite these sentences, beginning While...

It was sunny, but there was a cold wind.

While it was sunny there was a cold wind.

She’s very clever, but she’s got no common sense at all.

I know how you feel, but I think you’re making a mistake.

The job is well paid, but it’s deadly boring.

I’m interested in economics, but I wouldn’t want to work in a bank.

The hotel was nice, but it was a long way from the beach.

Compare because and because of, and (al)though and in spite of.

She lost her job because she was ill.

She lost her job because of her illness.

Although/Though it was raining we went out for a walk.

In spite of the rain we went out for a walk.

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with although or in spite of.

........... it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.

........... all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

............ I had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.

I love music ............ I can’t play a musical instrument.

............ being very tired, we carried on walking.

The heating was full on, but ............ this house was still cold.

Keith decided to give up his job ......... I advised him not to.

.......... she smokes 40 cigarettes a day, she is quite fit.

We can say in spite of but despite without of.

In spite of poor health, my father was always cheerful.

Despite my qualifications, I didn’t get the job.

We can also use despite the fact that or in spite of the fact that.

He insisted on playing, despite the fact that he had a bad cold.

They ignored, this order, in spite of the fact that they would probably get into trouble.

Exercise 6. The sentences below all have in spite of or despite. Use one of the noun groups given to complete them.

The air was fresh and clean in spite of …………………

He looked very well in spite of …………………............

Despite ........……....... she did her best to smile bravely.

He refused to change his mind despite ...........…….........

Despite ...........….….......... they were very close friends.

I didn’t earn much in Japan in spite of …….....................

In spite of ……....................... his money was still stolen.

He continued the race despite .......………........................

We still had our picnic in spite of ……….........................

The expressions both ... and; neither ... nor can join nouns, verbs or other kinds of expressions.

She plays both tennis and badminton. He both things and dances.

That’s neither interesting nor true. Neither Sue nor Ann was there.

Exercise 7. Join the sentences with both... and or neither... nor.

He repairs cars. He repairs motorbikes. (He repairs both ... )

He doesn’t speak English. He doesn’t speak French.

I don’t like her. I don’t dislike her.

I admire him. I distrust him.

Paul is on holiday. Sally is on holiday.

The secretary did not have the file. The accountant did not have the file.

The play was funny. The play was shocking.

He collects paintings. He collects jewellery.

You’re not right. You’re not wrong.

She didn’t look at me. She didn’t say anything.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1) We decided to cross the mountains so that we could reach the airfield in the daytime. 2) Put on your warm coat lest you should catch cold 3) She wept bitterly as she told her story. 4. Since it was Sunday she stayed in bed. 5) He was giving up his job in order to stay at home. 6) She treats him as though he was her own son. 7) He looked as if he hadn’t slept very much. 8) As they live near us we can see them quite often. 9) The expedition may be dangerous nevertheless I’ll take pan in it 10) We agreed to break till tomorrow for it was already late. 11) Now that there was really a fair chance of success, it must not be missed. 12) I feel stronger than I did.

UNIT 9

Date: 2015-01-12; view: 1516