Home Random Page


CATEGORIES:

BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism






BRIEF LINGUISTICALLY AND CULTURALLY-HISTORY

 

Russian language belongs to the eastern group of Slavic languages, belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. It is the official language of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and other countries that were part of the USSR. In addition, the Russian language is the language of the world's eighth-largest holding them as their native language, and the fifth in the world in the total number of speakers. It is the national language of the Russian people, the main language of international communication in the center of Eurasia, Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, one of the working languages ​​of the UN. It is the most common Slavic language and the most widely spoken language in Europe by geographical criteria and the number of native speakers. Russian language occupies the fourth place among the most translated languages ​​as well - the seventh place among the languages ​​in which most of the translated books.

In the Russian language, in addition to its current name, there are two other "Russian" and "Great Russian". The first was formed from the Greek name of Rus (Russia) - and was used extensively only in the XVIII century. The second came from the place-name Velikoróssiya and fell out of use after 1917 (although such combinations as the Great Russian dialects can also be found in the current scientific literature.)

Modern lexical and grammatical features of the Russian language - the result of a long interaction between the various Eastern Slavic dialects prevalent in the area and the Great who took origin from the Proto-Slavic dialect, which appeared probably in the era (in the VI-VII centuries. District. E. It was divided into three groups: the eastern, western and south), and the Church Slavonic language, resulting from adaptation to Russian soil language of the first Christian books IX-XI centuries.

In the IX century BC. e. Cyril and Methodius, later canonized by the church, make church-Slavonic alphabet. If the original Church Slavonic alphabet was used for translation and writing of the Christian liturgical books for the clergy, the alphabet was later used in the literature.

 

For the phonological structure of the Russian language is characterized by an extensive system of consonants (37 phonemes, most of them on the grounds of the hardness of paired-soft-voiced and voiceless) and significantly less difficult historically to simplify the system of vowels (of 5 phonemes in another tradition - 6 phonemes) in Diversity positional modifications of both the others. Syllabic are usually vowels.

In the Russian language there are three types of stresses, "dynamic", or force (one of the syllables of the word form is shock, and stands out more tense articulation), "different points" (not attached to any particular syllable with respect to the beginning or end of the word form ), and "mobile" (in various forms of a word can be accelerated different syllables and different morpheme).



Russian language according to the morphological typology relates to synthetic inflected languages, that is, the grammatical meaning of lexical forms are passed through affixes that carry multiple grammatical meanings, for example, to the end of nouns carry information about the gender, number and case word forms. The complex science of Russian language is called "linguistic Russian studies," which is part of a broader cross-cultural discipline, called "Russian studies."

 


Date: 2015-01-12; view: 935


<== previous page | next page ==>
MODERN ENGLISH VOCABULARY | Old Russian language
doclecture.net - lectures - 2014-2024 year. Copyright infringement or personal data (0.006 sec.)