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Factors that reduce non-specific resistance of the organism, ways and methods to improve and strengthen

Any effect that changes the functional state of regulatory systems - the nervous, endocrine, immune or different executive systems (cardiovascular, digestive, metabolic reactions, etc.) leads to a change in reactivity and resistance. There are factors that reduce non-specific resistance: trauma, negative emotions, functional deficiency of the endocrine system, physical and mental fatigue, overtraining, fasting (especially protein), malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, obesity, alcoholism, drug addiction, cold, excessive heat, painful injury, detraining of organism and its particular systems, lack of exercise, sudden weather changes, prolonged exposure of direct sunlight, intoxication, past diseases, etc.

There are two groups of means and methods that increase nonspecific resistant.

The first group is the means by which the increase of stability is achieved at the cost of an organism’s capability to independent living, reducing the activity of the life processes. These are the anesthesia, hypothermia, hibernation.

When animals in a state of hibernation are infected with plague, tuberculosis, anthrax, disease does not develop, it occurs after awakening only, increased resistance to radiation, hypoxia, hypercapnia, infection, poisoning expose, hibernating mammals tolerate such a low temperature (rectal - 5 ° C ), which for the waking birds certainly fatal. During hibernation animals secretes dermorfin and similar opioid peptides, that inhibit the reaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system of brain, many manifestations of reactivity inhibited, metabolism is reduced, the need for oxygen is low. A similar increasing of resistance, in particular, to the surgical trauma occurs in a person's state of cold anesthesia – during the iatrogenic hibernation.

In the state of anesthesia resistance to oxygen starvation, electric current increases; streptococcal sepsis don’t develop, when mustard gas or lewisite applied to the skin inflammation don’t develop. In hypothermia attenuated tetanus, dysentery intoxication, sensitivity to all kinds of oxygen starvation and ionizing radiation reduces, cell damage reduces: for example, the rat, burned with boiling water, hasn’t congestion, edema or necrosis; allergic reactions attenuated, in the experiment slowed the growth of malignant tumors.

In all these states develops deep inhibition of the nervous system and, therefore, of all vital functions: the activity of regulatory systems (nervous and endocrine) inhibits, decreases metabolism, chemical reactions are inhibited, reduces an oxygen demand, impede the transport systems - the blood and lymph circulation slows, body temperature reduces, the body goes to an older way of metabolism – glycolysis. As a result of the suppression of the normal life processes active defense mechanisms are turn off (or inhibit), areactive state appears, that provides the survival of the organism, even in very difficult circumstances. However, it does not resist, but only passively tolerate pathogenic action of the environment, almost not reacting to it. This condition has been called withstanding (Arshavsky I. A.) and is a way of survival of the organism in adverse conditions where the active protection, to avoid the state of emergency stimulus is impossible.



The second group includes methods of resistance increasing, with maintaining or improving the body functioning:

• training of the major functional systems: physical training, tempering with low temperature, hypoxic training (adaptation to hypoxia);

• changes in the function of regulatory systems: autogenous training, hypnosis, verbal suggestion, reflexology (acupuncture, etc.);

• non-specific treatment: balneotherapy, Balneology, autohaemotherapy, proteotherapy, nonspecific vaccination pharmacological means – phitoncides, interferon, adaptogens (ginseng, Siberian ginseng, dibazol and vitamin B12 in certain dosage, etc.).

Doctrine about adaptogens associated with the name of N. V. Lazarev (1895-1974), who laid the foundations of "Pharmacology of healthy person" and formulated the idea of ​​the adaptogenic effect. Adaptogenes include a number of herbal products: plant extracts of ginseng, Siberian ginseng, Manchurian Aralia, leuzea, devil, Chinese magnolia vine, radiograms pink ("golden root") etc., and some means of animal origin (Pantocrinum), a number of synthetic drugs – derivatives of benzimedazol (dibazol), vitamin B12, etc.

Adaptogens – are agents that accelerate adaptation to adverse factors, normalize disorders caused by stress: they have a great breadth of therapeutic effect, increase resistance to a large set of factors of physical, chemical and biological nature.

Eleutherococcus has the most pronounced adaptogenic effect. In the experiment, it has also anti-toxic, anti-mutagenic, antiteratogenic effects. Eleutherococcus extract contains: eleutherosides A, B, C, D, E, F, which is mainly attributed to its biological activity; vitamins C, E, beta-carotene (provitamin A), microelements Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Ba, Sr, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Ge.

It’s known that adaptogens and, in particular, Siberian ginseng stimulates not only the reactions of adaptation, but also compensatory reactions. Thus, in the experiment, with application of Eleutherococcus cerebral ischemia and myocardial infarction flow more favorable.

The mechanism of adaptogens action (Eleutherococcus, dibazol, vitamin B12) is associated, in particular, with the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins stimulation and stabilization of biological membranes.

Applying adaptogens (and some other drugs), as well as the body adapts to adverse environmental factors, can form the body state of nonspecific increased resistance – SNIR (N. V. Lazarev). This state is characterized by increased levels of life, the mobilization of active defense mechanisms and functional reserves, increased resistance to many damaging agents.

An important condition for the development of SNIR is the gradual increase of on-loads, avoiding congestion, to avoid disruption of the adaptive-compensatory mechanisms.

Reactivity control and resistance of the body is a promising direction of modern preventive and curative medicine. Increasing of nonspecific resistance is an effective way to the overall strengthening of the body, increasing its defensive capabilities against various pathogenic agents.


Date: 2015-01-11; view: 983


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