Unit 3. Ancient Greece

Ex. 1. 1. Ancient Greece is a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (ca. 600 AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.

2. Classical Greece was a 200 year period in Greek culture lasting from the 5th through 4th centuries BC. Classical Greece began with the repelling of a Persian invasion by Athenian leadership.

3. The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.

4. The Ionian Revolt; The First Persian War; The Peloponnesian War; The Archidamian War; The Sicilian war; The Ionian.

5. Athens is the symbol of freedom, art, and democracy in the conscience of the civilized world. The capital of Greece took its name from the goddess Athena, the goddess of wisdom and knowledge.

6. Sparta a beautiful town near the river Evrotas, located in the centre of the Peloponnese in southern Greece, is the capital of the prefecture of Laconia. SPARTA (known in Greek as Sparti) has a history which dates back to the Neolithic period, at least 3,000 years before Christ.

7. 800 BC: The majority of Greek states were governed by groups of rich landowners, called aristocrats; this word is derived from 'aristoi', meaning best people. This was a system known as 'oligarchy' the rule by the few; 750 BC: Athenian power in the Archaic Period was controlled by Aeropagus, or council. Their policies were delivered through three magistrates called Archons; 500 BC: Democracy was introduced by an aristocrat, Cleisthenes. Who was from family of the Alcmaeonids in 508 BC, after 2 years of civil war, they used the help of Spartans to secure power.

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10. Greek heroes:Achilles, Agamemnon, Heracles, Jason & the Argonauts, Odysseus, Theseus

11.The Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions held for representatives of various city-states of Ancient Greece held in honor of Zeus. The exact origins of the Games are shrouded in myth and legend but records indicate that they began in 776 BC in Olympia in Greece. They were celebrated until 393 AD when they were suppressed by Theodosius I as part of the campaign to impose Christianity as a state religion. The Games were usually held every four years, or olympiad, as the unit of time came to be known. During a celebration of the Games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes could travel from their countries to the Games in safety.

Ex. 10. 1-h, 2-a, 3-e, 4-i, 5-j, 6-c, 7-g, 8-b, 9-d, 10-f.

Ex. 11. a) 1, 4, 8, 21; b) 5, 7, 18, 20; c) 10, 22, 23; d) 6, 9, 13, 14, 15; e) 11, 12; f) 16, 2; g) 17, 19; h) 3.

a) playwrights:Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Euripides, Sophocles; b) philosophers:Aristotle, Epicurus, Plato, Socrates; c) historians:Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon; d) mythical characters:Electra, Heracles, Jason, Oedipus, Orpheus, Zeus; e) epic poets:Hesiod, Homer; f) leaders:Pericles, Alexander the Great; g) sculptors:Phidias, Praxiteles; h) mathematicians:Archimedes

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 1344