Biochemistry of nutrition. Vitamins.

1. Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagen fibers. What vitamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation?

A. Vitamin A

B. Thiamine

C. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin E

E. *Vitamin C

2. Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?

A. Lack of vitamins PP, H

B. Lack of oleic acid

C. *Lack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K.

D. Lack of palmitic acid

E. Low caloric value of diet

3. A patient who has been strictly keeping to a certain diet for 10 days went through examination of respiratory coefficient. It was determined that it was equal 1. What diet has the patient been keeping to?

A. With domination of proteins and fat

B. With domination of fat and carbohydrates

C. With domination of proteins and carbohydrates

D. Mixed

E. *With domination of carbohydrates

4. A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease?

A. Folic acid

B. *Thiamine

C. Ascorbic acid

D. Riboflavin

E. Pyridoxine

5. A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with insufficiency of exocrine function of pancreas. Hydrolysis of what nutrients will be disturbed?

A. *Proteins, fats, carbohydrates

B. Fats, carbohydrates

C. Proteins, carbohydrates

D. Proteins, fats

E. Proteins

6. A patient suffers from vision impairment – hemeralopia (night blindness). What vitamin preparation should be administered the patient in order to restore his vision?

A. Pyridoxine

B. *Retinol acetate

C. Vicasol

D. Thiamine chloride

E. Tocopherol acetate

7. There is disturbed process of Ca²⁺ absorption through intestinal wall after the removal of gall bladder in patient. What vitamin will stimulate this process?

A. K

B. C

C. *D₃

D. PP

E. B₁₂

8. A 6 y.o child was administered vicasol to prevent postoperative bleeding. Vicasol is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translation changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:

A. *Carboxylation of glutamic acid residues

B. Polymerization

C. Partial proteolysis

D. Glycosylation

E. Phosphorylation of serine radicals

9. Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avitaminosis. This disease declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitaminosis?

A. Biermer's anemia

B. Polyneuritis (beriberi)

C. Pellagra

D. Rachitis

E. *Scurvy

10. A patient with hypochromic anemia has splitting hair and loss of hair, increased nail bottling and taste alteration. What is the mechanism of the development of these symptoms?

A. *Deficiency of vitamin B₁₂

B. Decreased production of thyroid hormones

C. Deficiency of vitamin A

D. Decreased production of parathyrin

E. Deficiency of iron-containing enzymes

11. The structural analogue of vitamin B₂ is administered (acriсhine) in a case of enterobiasis. The disorder of which enzyme synthesis is caused by this medicine in microorganisms?

A. NAD-dependent dehydrogenases

B. Cytochrome oxidases

C. *FAD-dependent dehydrogenases

D. Peptidases

E. Aminotransferases

12. A patient who was previously ill with mastectomy as a result of breast cancer was prescribed radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked radioprotective action caused by antioxidant activity?

A. *Tocopherol acetate

B. Riboflavin

C. Folic acid

D. Ergocalciferol

E. Thiamine chloride

13. There is an inhibited coagulation in the patients with bile ducts obstruction, bleeding due to the low level of absorption of vitamin. What vitamin is in deficiency?

A. *K

B. E

C. D

D. A

E. Carotene

14. After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time there appeared signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterol concentration is 9.2 mmole/l. That condition was caused by lack of:

A. Chylomicrons

B. Fatty acids

C. Phospholipids

D. *Bile acids

E. Triglycerides

15. Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?

A. *Avitaminosis B1

B. Avitaminosis B2

C. Avitaminosis E

D. Avitaminosis B9

E. Avitaminosis B3

16. Pyruvate concentration in the patient's urine has increased 10 times from normal amount. What vitamin deficiency can be the reason of this change:

A. Vitamin B₆

B. Vitamin A

C. Vitamin E

D. Vitamin C

E. *Vitamin B₁

17. Hydroxylation of endogenous subrates and xenobiotics requires a donor of protons. Which of the following vitamins can play this role?

A. *Vitamin C

B. Vitamin E

C. Vitamin P

D. Vitamin A

E. Vitamin B₆

18. A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which results in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?

A. Activation of tissue thromboplastin

B. PP hypovitaminosis

C. Fibrinogen deficiency

D. *Vitamin K insufficiency

E. Hypocalcemia

19. A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multi­ple hemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vi­tamin is in this girl organism?

A. A

B. B₂

C. B₁

D. B₆

E. *С

20. A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food and of the body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What can be the cause of this condition?

A. Mucous membrane inflammation of small intestine

B. *Obstruction of bile ducts

C. Lack of pancreatic phospholipase

D. Lack of pancreatic lipase

E. Unbalanced diet

21. A newborn develops dyspepsia after the milk feeding. When the milk is substituted by the glucose solution the dyspepsia symptoms disappear. The newborn has the ubnormal activity of the following enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract:

A. Isomaltase

B. Invertase

C. Lactase*

D. Amylase

E. Maltase

22. A doctor recommends a patient with duodenal ulcer to drink cabbage and potato juices after the therapy course. Which substances contained in these vegetables help to heal and prevent the ulcers?

A. Vitamin U*

B. Vitamin B₅

C. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin B₁

E. Vitamin C

23.A 9-month-old infant is fed with artifical formulas with unbalanced vitamin B₆ concentration. The infant presents with pellagral dermatitis, convulsions, anaemia. Convulsions development might be caused by the disturbed formation of:

A. Dopamine

B. Histamine

C. Serotonin

D. DOPA

E. GABA*

24. During examination of an 11-month-old infant a pediatrician revealed osteoectasia of the lower extremities and delayed mineralization of cranial bones. Such pathology is usually provoked by the deficit of the following vitamin:

A. Thiamin

B. Riboflavin

C. Bioflavonoids

D. Pantothenic acid

E. Cholecalciferol*

25.A patient presents with twilight vision impairment. Which of the following vitamins should be administered?

A. Cyanocobalamin

B. Ascorbic acid

C. Nicotinic acid

D. Retinol acetate*

E. Pyridoxine hydrochloride

26.After the disease a 16-year-old boy is presenting with decreased function of protein synthesis in the liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. This may cause disorder of:

A. Erythropoietin production

B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

C. Blood coagulation*

D. Osmotic blood pressure

E. Anticoagulant production

27.In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated with izoniazid preparation – that is an antivitamin able to penetrate into the tuberculosis bacillus. Tuberculostatic effect is induced by the interference with replication processes and oxidation-reduction reactions due to the buildup of pseudo-coenzyme:

A. FMN

B. NAD*

C. CoQ

D. FAD

E. TDP

28. To prevent attacks of acute pancreatitis a doctor prescribed the patient trasylol (contrycal, gordox), which is an inhibitor of:

1. Trypsin*
2. Carboxypeptidase
3. Elastase
4. Chymotripsin
5. Gastricsin

29. A patient has normally coloured stool including a large amount of free fatty acids. The reason for this is a disturbance of the following process:

1. Fat hydrolysis
2. Fat absorption *
3. Biliary excretion
4. Lipase secretion
5. Choleresis

30. Some infections diseases caused by bacteria are treated with sulfanilamides, which block the synthesis of bacteria growth factor. What is the mechanism of their action?

1. They inhibit the absorption of folic acid
2. They are allosteric enzyme inhibitors
3. They are allosteric enzymes
4. They are anti-vitamins of para-amino benzoic acid*
5. They are involved in red-ox processes

31. A 20-year old male patient complains of general weakness, rapid fatigability, irritability, decreased performance, bleeding gums, petechiae on the skin. What vitamin deficiency may be caused of these changes?

1. Riboflavin
2. Ascorbic acid *
3. Retinol
4. Thiamine
5. Folic acid

32. A number of disorders can be diagnosed by evaluation activity of blood transaminases. What vitamin is one of cofactors for these enzymes?

1. B₆ *
2. B₁
3. B₅
4. B₂
5. B₈

33. Due to the blockage of the common bile duct (which was radiographically confirmed), the billiary flow to the duodenum was stopped. We should expect the impairment of:

1. Carbohydrate hydrolysis
2. Protein absorption
3. Secretion of hydrochloric acid
4. Salivation inhibition
5. Fat emulsification *

34.Steatosis is caused by the accumulation of triacylglycerols in hepatocytes. One of the mechanisms of this disease development is a decrease in the utilization of VLDL neutral fat. What lipotropic factors intake with food prevent the development of steatosis?

Valine, B₃, B₂

Arginine, B₂, B₃

Alanine B_1, PP

*Methionine, B₆, B₁₂

Isoleucine, B₁, B₂

35.Symptoms of pellagra (vitamin PP deficiency) is particularly pronounced in patients with low protein diet, because nicotine amide precursor in humans is one of the essential amino acids, namely:

Lysine

Threonine

*Tryptophan

Arginine

Histidine

36. A patient complains of photoreception disorder and frequent acute viral diseases. He has been prescribed a vitamin that affects photoreception processes by producing rhodopsin, the photosensitive pigment. What vitamin is it?

Cyanocobalamin

Tocopherol acetate

Pyridoxine hydrochloride

Thiamine

*Retinol acetate

37. A 36-year-old female patient has a history of B₂-hypovitaminosis. The most likely cause of specific symptoms (epithelial, mucosa, cutaneous, corneal lesions) is the deficiency of:

Cytochrome oxidase

Cytochrome B

Cytochrome A1

Cytochrome C

*FAD or FMN

38. A patient, who has been suffering for a long time from intestine disbacteriosis, has increased hemorrhaging caused by disruption of posttranslational modification of blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X in the liver. What vitamin deficiency is the cause of this condition?

K*

B12

B9

C

P

39. A 6-year-old child suffers from delayed growth, disrupted ossification processes, decalcification of teeth. What can be the cause?

Vitamin D deficiency*

Hyperthyroidism

Vitamin C deficiency

Decreased glucagon production

Insulin deficiency

40. A patient is diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis attended by deficiency of Castle`s (intrinsic) factor. What type of anemia does the patient have?

B12-deficiency anemia*

Iron-deficiency anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Protein-deficiency anemia

Iron refractory anemia

41. During regular check-up a child is detected with interrupted mineralization of bones. What vitamin deficiency can be the cause?

Calciferol*

Riboflavin

Tocopherol

Folic acid

Cobalamin

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 1468