Cognitive psychology

Always suggest good things

5) General psychology

*Basic theoretical questions

*Gives us general psychological profile of human beings

Developmental psychology

*Behavioural changes, factors, aspects and conditions shaping the psychological development of person.

Major Subfields of Psychology

¡ Experimental: sensation, perception and learning

¡ Developmental: lifespan human development from

¡ Biopsychology: physiological processes

¡ Personality: people differences

¡ Social: influences

¡ Cognitive: mental processes

¡ Cross-Cultural: cultural influences

¡ Consumer: consumer behavior

¡ Forensic: criminal behavior

¡ Health: health and illness

¡ Education: learning

¡ Therapy: mental problems and life adjustment

Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.

The most influential schools are: behaviorism, psychoanalytic school functionalism, Humanistic, and cognitivism

Hans Selye –the father of the stress theories

Dr. Friedman, dr. RosenmanCoronary Heart Disease (type A, type B)

The AAAbc’s of stress

A– alter it =removing the source of stress by changing something.

A– avoid it = removing oneself from the stressful situation

A– accept it = equipping oneself physically and mentally for stress

b = building resistance

c= change

b – building our resistance

Physically– proper diet, regular aerobic exercise, and systematic relaxation techniques.

Mentally- taking time for mental health

Socially- by building communication, and intimacy.

Spiritually- meditation, prayer, worship, faith, and commitment strengthen people.

c– changing our perception

Change the way you perceive the situation or yourself. Changing unrealistic expectations and irrational belief is a good start. Building self-esteem and cultivating a positive attitude.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): alarm reaction, resistance or adaptation, exhaustion.

Defence Mechanisms

Denial: You completely reject the thought or feeling.
Suppression: You are vaguely aware of the thought or feeling, but try to hide it.

Reaction Formation: You turn the feeling into its opposite.

Projection: You think someone else has your thought or feeling. the attribution of unacceptable impulses to others

Displacement: You redirect your feelings to another target.

Rationalization: explanations to justify the situation. a reasonable explanation for an event

Intellectualization: more intellectualized.

Undoing: You try to reverse or undo your feeling by DOING something that indicates the opposite feeling.

Isolation of affect: You "think" the feeling but don't feel

Regression: You revert to an old, usually immature behavior to ventilate your feeling.

Sublimation: feeling into a socially productive activity.

Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior. It represents the reasons for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation can also be defined as one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior and vice versa.[1] A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way, or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior.[2] According to Maehr and Meyer, "Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are"

Case study in psychology refers to the use

of a descriptive research approach to obtain an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or phenomenon. A variety of techniques may be employed including personal interviews, direct-observation, psychometric tests, and archival records. In psychology case studies are most often used in clinical research to describe rare events and conditions, which contradict well established principles in the field of psychology.[1]

KPIsevaluate the success of an organization or of a particular activity in which it engages. Often success is simply the repeated, periodic achievement of some levels of operational goal (e.g. zero defects, 10/10 customer satisfaction, etc.), and sometimes success is defined in terms of making progress toward strategic goals.[2] Accordingly, choosing the right KPIs relies upon a good understanding of what is important to the organization

Cognitive psychology

is about the way people think, perceive, remember and learn. Piaget and Ellis did experimental research on mental processes or cognition and claimed that behavior is a product of thoughts and interpretations. They were specifically interested in processing of information and how that influences behavior (memory, problem-solving, thinking, decision-making, intelligence and language). Comparisons: • Behaviorism focuses only on observable behaviors, whereas cognitive psychology is concerned with internal mental states. • Psychoanalysis relies heavily on subjective perceptions, but cognitive psychology uses scientific research methods to study mental processes.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 747