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EXERCISE 38a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. The student's excuse for not doing his homework was so ridiculous that his teacher couldn't ________ ________ laughing.

2. What I'm going to tell you is highly confidential, so ______ it ______ yourself.

3. The baby's crying ________ Judy ________ half the night.

4. Don't quit now — you're almost finished. ________ ________ it.

5. The company increased its profits by ________ costs ________.

6. I've tried to quit smoking a hundred times, but I just can't ________ ________ cigarettes longer than a day.

7. Slower traffic should ________ ________ the right.

8. Now that I live in New York, I can't _____ ____ with local news in my hometown.

9. Sally is really angry at your brother, so it would be a good idea to ________ him ________ from her.

10. My algebra class is too difficult for me. I can't_______ _________.

11. You're going to have to walk faster than that if you want to ________ ________ with us.

12. Please________your dog________our lawn.

13. If you don't________________your exercise program, you're going to gain all the weight back.

14. Could you ________ the music ________? Your mother's trying to sleep.

15. Parents try to ________ their children ________ making mistakes, but sometimes it isn't easy.

16. If you ________________eating so much butter and so many eggs, you're going to have a heart attack.


17. The new owner said the company was losing too much money to ________ all the workers ________ and that some would have to be laid off.

18. Look at the prices on this menu! Let's try to ________ it ________ a hundred bucks, okay?

19. I don't want to talk to you ever again, so ________ ________ from me!

EXERCISE 38b — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. My father asked me to speak more quietly. What did my father ask me to do?

2. I told the travel agent that we have only $4,000 to spend on our vacation, so she has to make sure the cost doesn't go over that. What did I ask the travel agent to do?

3. My geometry class is so boring that I can't stop myself from falling asleep. What can't I do in my geometry class?

4. My teacher told me that calculus is difficult but that I have to continue trying to understand it. What did my teacher tell me?

5. The political situation in Washington changes every day, and it's hard to understand what is happening. What is it hard to do?

6. Sarah and I were running. I quit after three miles, but she continued running. What did Sarah do?

7. You've got to remain at a great distance from this area because it is radioactive. What have you got to do about the radioactive area?

8. Heather thinks Mike isn't telling her everything. What does Heather think about Mike?

9. Janice got excellent grades in her first year of college. I hope she can continue to do well. What do I hope Janice can do?

10. I asked my husband not to let the children near my computer. What did I ask my husband?



11. The economist said it's important not to let inflation go higher. What did the economist say?

12. Bill hasn't used drugs for five years. What has Bill done?


13. My son is eighteen, so I can't stop him if he wants to join the Army. What can't I do to my son?

14. Sarah's having a little trouble in school. It's hard for her to stay at the same level as the other students. What is hard for Sarah?

EXERCISE 38c — Write eight original sentences using phrasal verbs from this section.

1. __________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________

3.____________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________

5.____________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________

7. _______________________________________________________

8. ____________________________________________________

EXERCISE 38d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

back down, 36 come on, 37 goof around, 33 leave over, 37
brush off, 37 fall behind, 33 hang out, 37 run down, 36
calm down, 36 fall down, 36 know about, 33 sit down, 36
come about, 33 go down, 36 lay down, 36 talk to, 37

 

1. Raul is constantly criticizing me, but I usually just ________ him ________.

2. I can barely hear this radio. The batteries must be _______ _________.

3. When the electricians went on strike, the entire construction project ________ ________ schedule.

4. Jake's claim that he accidentally shot Tony six times didn't ________ ________ well with the jury.

5. The dictator ________ ________ after three aircraft carriers started sailing toward his country.


6. I need to check the furnace. The temperature got below sixty degrees last night, but the heat didn't ________ ________.

7. A big, old tree ________ ________ last night and smashed a hole in our roof.

8. ________ ________ — there's nothing to get upset about.

9. Several major changes in society ________ ________ as a result of the industrial revolution.

10. Are you going to do any work at all today or will you just ________ ________?

11. Don't waste your time asking Erik; he doesn't ________ anything ________ it.

12. Timmy's mother _______ him _______ and talked to him about his bad grades.

13. How much money was ______ ______ after you finished paying for everything?

14. You can ________ those papers ________ over there.

15. I don't have anything to do today. I'm just going to _____ _____ here and relax.

16. I'm so mad at her. I'll never ________ ________ her again!

39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3

As we saw in Section 13, the passive is formed with be and the past participle of the verb. A number of modal auxiliary verbs and similar constructions are commonly used with be:

The meat willbechopped up by the cook.

Mark would never bepicked up at the airport by a limo.

This mess canbestraightened out only by me.

Such a huge country couldn'tbetaken over easily.

Her name shouldbecrossed off the list.

The gas tank oughttobefilled up before you return the car.

The concert mightbesold out.

Your paychecks may not bepicked up until after 5:00.

The enemy mustbewiped out.

I have to bepicked up on time.

The fruit has to bechopped up with a clean knife.

This screwup had betterbestraightened out soon or you will be fired!

This stuff wassupposedtobetaken over to Nancy's house yesterday.


Recall from Section 28 that phrasal verbs in the passive cannot be separated by an object because in a passive sentence there is no object.

Infinitive
    present tense -ing form past tense past participle
chop up chop up & chops up chopping up chopped up chopped up

 

1. chop... up p.v. When youchop somethingup, you cut it into small pieces with a knife or other sharp instrument.

Does this meat have to bechopped up?

Chop itup into pieces about half an inch in size.

chopped up part.adj. After something has been cut into small pieces with a knife or other sharp instrument, it ischopped up.

Mix thechopped-up onions and celery with the mayonnaise.

Cross off

cross off & crosses off crossing off crossed off crossed off

1. cross... off p.v. When youcross somethingoff a list, you draw a line through it to remove it from the list.

Why was my namecrossed off the invitation list?

Crossing itoff was a mistake.

crossed off part.adj. After a line has been drawn through something on a list to remove it from the list, it iscrossed off.

Here's the grocery list, but don't get thiscrossed-off stuff— I already got it.

Fill up

fill up & fills up filling up filled up filled up

1. fill ...up p.v. When youfill something up, you fill it completely.

My radiator must be leaking; it has to befilled up with water every day.

We alwaysfill the tankup when we're in Indiana because gas is cheaper there.

filled up part.adj. After something has been completelyfilled up, it isfilled up.

These water containers don't weigh very much. Are you sure they're completely filled up?

2. fill... up (on) p.v. When youfill up orfill up on something, you eat so much that you are no longer hungry and cannot eat any more.

Don'tfill up on salad — you won't have any room for dinner.

Ifilled up on candy and was really sick about an hour later.

3. fill up p.v. When a room or other areafills up, people enter it until it is full.


The dance floorfilled up quickly when the band began to play.

The hotels in Rio de Janeiro alwaysfill up at carnival time.

Infinitive
    present tense -ing form past tense past participle
pick up pick up & picks up picking up picked up picked up

 

1. pick... up p.v. When you pick something up, you lift it with your hand.

All this trash has to bepicked up.

Sampicked up his briefcase and left his office.

2. pick... up p.v. When you go to a place to get something that was created, prepared, or left for you and is now ready, youpick itup.

The garbage is supposed to bepicked up before 9:00 am.

The travel agent said I couldpick the ticketsup tomorrow.

pickup n. Something that is to bepicked up or the process ofpicking it up is apickup.

The restaurant uses the back doorfor pickups and deliveries.

3. pick... up p.v. When youpick peopleup, you stop your vehicle and give them a ride away from that place.

You'll bepicked up at the airport by the hotel van.

Picking up hitchhikers is dangerous.

pickup n. Someone who is to bepicked up or the process ofpicking someoneup is apickup.

The taxi driver went to 2122 N. dark Street for apickup.

4. pick... up p.v. When youpick somethingup in a store, you quickly go into a store to buy something you need.

I need topick up some milk on the way home.

Could youpick a loaf of breadup on your way over?

5. pick... up p. v. When youpickup a skill, you learn it easily. When youpick up a

habit, you aquire the habit.

Children canpick up a new language very quickly. My son ispicking some bad habitsup from his friends.

6. pick... up p.v. When you resume doing something at the point where you stopped doing it earlier, youpick up at that point.

The teacher started the class bypicking up where she had left off the previous week.

When you return to work after a long vacation, it's hard to know where topick up.

7. pick... up p.v. When youpick up a radio or television station or a certain frequency on a receiver, you are able to tune it to that station or frequency.


When the weather is right,you canpick radio stationsup that are hundreds of miles away.

General Johnston's radio transmission waspicked up by the enemy.

8. pick... up p.v. When the police or other authorities arrest people, theypick them up.

The border patrolpicks up several people every day trying to bring drugs into the country.

Charles waspicked up for driving under the influence of alcohol.

9. pick... up p.v. When you get something by chance without looking for it, you pick itup.

I picked up a few stock tips from a guy I met on the plane.

Marshapicked up some interesting books at a used bookstore.

10. pick... up p.v. When youpick up the check or the tab (a tab is a list of money that someone owes) in a restaurant or other place, you pay it.

Tom's a real cheapskate; henever picks up the check.

Heather's father pickedup the tab for the entire wedding.

11. pick up p.v. When the speed, level, or condition of something increases or improves, itpicks up.

Business is stow this time of year, but it should pickup in December.

The song starts out slowly, but then itpicks up.

pickup n. An improvement in the speed, level, or condition of something is apickup.If a motor vehicle is able to accelerate quickly, it haspickup.

The company's profits increased after apickup in sales.

I need to take my truck to the mechanic. It doesn't haveany pickup.

12. pick... up p.v. When youpick up a place that is messy, you organize or tidy it.

Timmy's mother told him he couldn't play outside until hepicked up his room.

Let'spick this placeup — it's a mess.

13. pick... up p.v. [informal] When youpick up members of the opposite sex, you approach and successfully interest them in a sexual or romantic encounter.

Hank tried topick up Frank's sister at the party last night, but she wasn't interested.

Patpicked up someone, and they went to a cheap motel.

Infinitive
    present tense -ing form past tense past participle
sell out sell out & sells out selling out sold out sold out

 

1. sell out (of) [often passive] p.v. When a storesells out of something or issold outof something, it sells all of it.


The toy storesold out of antigravity boots in two days.

I wanted to buy that new computer game, but every store I went to wassold out of it.

sold out part.adj. After all of something for sale in a store has been sold, the item issold out.

I saw the most beautiful shoes at the mall, but my size was allsold out.

sold out part.adj. After all the tickets to a concert, play, or other public performance have been sold, the event issold out.

You'll never get a ticket for the Superbowl — it's beensold out for weeks.

Infinitive    
    present tense -ing form past tense past participle
straighten out                
straighten out & straightens out straightening out straightened out straightened out

 

1. straighten ... out p.v. When something is bent, crooked, or curved and you make it straight, youstraighten itout.

My elbow is so swollen that I can'tstraighten my armout.

As the city grew, many of the winding streets werestraightened out.

2. straighten ... out p.v. When youstraighten out a confused situation or misun­derstanding, you take steps to make it understandable and satisfactory to everyone involved.Sort out is similar tostraighten out.

My hotel had me booked for the wrong days in the wrong room, but the manager straightened everythingout.

Save your questions for the meeting. Everything will bestraightened out then.

straightened out part.adj. After a confused situation or misunderstanding has been made understandable and satisfactory to everyone involved, it isstraightened out. Sorted out is similar tostraightened out.

Erik was upset with Dan, but they had a talk and now everything isstraightened out.

3. straighten ... out p.v. When youstraighten out people who are acting foolishly, you do or say something that causes them to act more responsibly. When you straighten out people who are confused, you help them to understand.

I told my son that if he gets in trouble one more time, I'm going to send him to military school. That reallystraightened himout.

I'm totally confused about what I'm supposed to do. Can youstraighten meout?

Take over

take over & takes over taking over took over taken over

1. take... over (to) p.v. When you take something from one place to another, you take itover ortake itover to a person or place.

Jane's at home sick, so I'm going totake some chicken soupover.

After I finished my report, Itook itover to the finance department.


2. take... over p.v. When people, groups, or countries take control of a place by force, theytake itover.

After the government troops fled, the country wastaken over by the rebels.

The hijackerstook over the plane and ordered the pilot to fly to Havana.

takeover n. A takeover is an action to take control of a country, city, building, or other place by force.

If the situation doesn't stabilize soon, there's a real chance of a militarytakeover.

3. take over (from/as) p.v. When people are elected, appointed, or hired to take control of a country, state, city, business, school, building, and so on, and to replace the people in control, theytake over, take over as something, ortake overfrom someone.

Cartos Ortega will betaking over as sales manager next year.

Ortegatook over from Margaret Cummings, who had been the sales manager for 14 years.

takeover n. When people who are elected, appointed, or hired take control of a country, state, city, business, school, building, and so on, and replace the people in control, atakeover occurs.

After thetakeover, the new president made a lot of changes.

4. take over (for) p.v. When you start to do a job or some work that other people are doing in order to allow them to take a break or because the previous shift has ended and a new shift has begun, youtake over. When you assume an obligation or accept responsibility from someone, youtake itover.

We work from 4:00 p.m. to midnight, and then the graveyard shifttakes over.

When Linda was sick she couldn't care for her children, so her sistertook over for her until she was well again.

Infinitive
    present tense -ing form past tense past participle
wipe out wipe out & wipes out wiping out wiped out wiped out

 

1. wipe... out p.v. When you remove dirt or liquid from the inside of a container with a cloth, sponge, or paper towel, youwipe itout.

Wipe the microwaveout — it's got spaghetti sauce inside it.

Iwiped out the inside of the glasses so they wouldn't dry with spots.

2. wipe... out p.v. When you are trying to kill people, weeds, insects, and so on, and you kill all of them, you wipe themout.

An entire regiment waswiped out in the battle.

The general said he wouldwipe out the rebels.

wipeout n. A situation in which all people, weeds, insects, and so on, are killed is awipeout.

The battle was a completewipeout. Not a single soldier survived.



Date: 2016-04-22; view: 622


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Adverbs and adverbials showing degrees of variability | EXERCISE 39c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.
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