EXERCISE 22a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Don't ________ ________ the potato chips. Leave some for me.

2. We have to ________ the hole in this boat ________ fast before it sinks.

3. It ________ me ________ when people smoke in a nonsmoking section.

4. There was a lot of confusion about the new plan, so we asked Tom to ________ it ________ for us.

5. The bill collector threatened to repossess my car if I didn't ________________.

6. The pain I had in my shoulder ______ right ______ after I tried the new therapy.

7. Okay, let's ________ ________ the points to see who won the game.

8. It was cloudy in the morning, but around 11:00 it ________ right ________.

9. It hasn't rained in months, so this dry forest will really ________ ________ if there's a fire.

10. Would you get a towel and ________ ________ the coffee you spilled?

11. I'll put your dinner in the refrigerator, and you can ________ it________when you come home.

12. I'm going to ________ ________ all these old papers in the fireplace.

13. I didn't have any insurance, so paying for those hospital bills really ________ _______ all my savings.

EXERCISE 22b — Write three sentences using the objects in parentheses. Be sure to put the objects in the right place.

1. They burned up. (the wood, it)

2. He ought to clear up. (the misunderstanding, it)

3. Would you count up? (the votes, them)

4. Have they eaten up? (all the candy, it)

5. I can't plug up. (the hole, it)

6. Wipe up right now! (that water, it)

EXERCISE 22c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and participle adjectives from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. You completely blocked the drain so that water couldn't go through it. What did you do to the drain?

2. In Question 1, how would you describe the drain?

3. I'm putting my coffee in the microwave to make it hotter. What am I doing to my coffee?

4. In Question 3, how would you describe my coffee after I take it out of the microwave?

5. Erik hasn't counted all the money. What hasn't Erik done?

6. You'll pay all your late mortgage payments. What will you do to your mortgage?

7. In Question 6, how will you be regarding your mortgage?

8. The police used fire to destroy all the drugs. What did the police do?

9. In Question 8, how would you describe the drugs now?

10. My disease went away immediately. What did my disease do?

11. Sarah is cleaning up all the orange juice that she spilled on the floor. What is Sarah doing?

12. Carlos always eats all his baby food, and he eats it quickly. What does Carlos do?

EXERCISE 22d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. I'll be there when you need me. You can ________ ________ me.

2. Do you think these shoes ________ ________ my dress?

3. _______ ________ so that you have everything you need when you get there.

4. Linda is here in the office somewhere — she ________ ________ at 8:52.

5. Linda always leaves at 5:00, and it's almost 6:00 now, so I'm sure she has already _______ .

6. That guy is crazy. He ought to be ________ ________.

7. When you finish with the job application, you can ______ it ______ to the secretary.

8. I don't think we should make any changes now. Let's ________ ________ our original plan.

9. The party will be casual, so you don't have to ________ ________.

10. Maria told me she would be in the library between 7:00 and 8:00, but I ________ _______ and couldn't find her.

11. There's some broken glass there — don't ________ ________ it.

12. I hope it rains soon. The lake is starting to ________ ________.

13. _______________your coat — it's fifteen degrees below zero outside.

14. Janice hates her job, and she _______ it _______ _______ her husband.

15. I'm ________________ San Diego, and I should get there by late afternoon.

16. I'll stay in San Diego for a week and then ________ ________ to Los Angeles.

23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 2

As we saw in Section 9, many phrasal verbs that can be used both intransitively and transitively require a second particle when they are used transitively, which makes them three-word phrasal verbs.

Although these phrasal verbs have a three-word version, they remain classified as two-word verbs because the two-word and three-word phrasal verbs have the same meaning — they are variations of the same verb:

He filled in.Hefilled in for Mike.

There are, however, three-word phrasal verbs that share the same verb and first particle as another two-word phrasal verb but have an entirely different meaning. These are two different phrasal verbs and are classified separately:

He put up a poster.

Heput up with her rudeness.

1. crack down (on) p.v. When youcrack down orcrack down on someone or something, you enforce rules and laws more than you enforced them before or you make new, stronger rules and laws.

The chief of police said he was going tocrack down on car theft.

The students have been coming to class later and later everyday. It's time to startcracking down.

crackdown n. When you enforce rules and laws more than you enforced them before, this is acrackdown.

The FBI is planning a majorcrackdown on organized crime.

After thecrackdown, the crime rate plunged.

Cut down

cut down & cuts down cutting down cut down cut down

1. cut... down p.v. When youcut down a tree, you use a saw or an axe to cut it

and make it fall to the ground.

You shouldcut that dead treedown before it falls on your house.

The builder was criticized forcutting down so many trees when he built the house.

2. cut... down p.v. [informal — always separated] When youcut peopledown to size, you do or say something to make them feel less important or less powerful.

I'm tired of that jerk. I'm going tocut himdown to size.

Hank thinks he's such a tough guy. Someone ought tocut himdown to size.

3. cut down (on) p.v. When youcut down or cut down on something that you con­sume, you use it less. When youcut down orcut down on something you do, you do it less.Cut back is similar tocut down.

If you can't quit smoking, you should at leastcut down.

My doctor saidcutting down on fat in my diet would lower my cholesterol.

1. drop out (of) p.v. When youdrop out ordrop out of a school, a training course, or other program, you leave before completing it.

The program is very difficult, and about 70 percent of the studentsdrop out.

Linda's father was very disappointed when shedropped out of college.

dropout n. A dropout is someone who has left school, usually high school or col­lege, before graduating.

Many successful people are collegedropouts.

Get away

get away & gets away getting away got away gotten/got away

1. get away (from) p.v. When you escape from people who are chasing you because they want to hurt you or because you have committed a crime, youget away orget away from them.

When he took the knife out of his pocket, Igot away from him fast.

By the time the police arrived, the robbers had alreadygotten away.

getaway n. When you escape from people who want to capture or hurt you, you make agetaway.

The robbers made theirgetaway in a blue Ford.

The car used for thegetaway was found abandoned in the next town.

2. get away (with) p.v. When you do something that is sneaky or wrong and you are not punished or criticized for it because no one knows or cares about it, youget away

with it.

Jake has been cheating on his taxes for years, and he alwaysgets away with it.

Hegot away with kilting his ex-wife even though everyone knew he was guilty.

3. get away (from) p.v. When youget away from people or places, you leave them even though it may be difficult.

I'm tired of this town. I need toget away.

Frank was talking and talking, and I couldn'tget away from him.

4. get away p.v. When youget away, you go on vacation.

/ have a lot of work to do, but I'll try toget away for a week or two.

We always try toget away in January and go skiing.

1. hold ... out p.v. When youhold out your hand, you extend it in front of your body so that someone can shake hands with you or put something in your hand. Hold out is similar toput out.

Maybe Mr. Young is mad at me. Iheld out my hand, but he didn't shake it.

The street was filled with beggarsholding their handsout.

2. hold out p.v. When a supply of something is enough for your needs, the supply holds out.

The beerheld out until the end of the party, but we didn't have enough wine.

This is all the money I have, so it has tohold out until I get paid again.

3. hold out p.v. When youhold out, you resist an attack, pressure, or temptation or you continue to survive in a dangerous situation.

More than 1,000 enemy soldiers attacked the fort. There were only 98 of us inside, but weheld out for two weeks.

I haven't had a cigarette in three days, and I don't know how much longer I canhold out.

holdout n. Someone who resists an attack, pressure, or temptation is aholdout.

The enemy soldiers are in control of the country, but there are someholdouts hiding in the mountains.

There are still a fewholdouts who don't have credit cards.

4. hold out (for) p.v. When youhold out orhold out for something, you refuse to compromise in a negotiation and accept anything less than your original demands.

The basketball player isholding out for a million dollars a game.

The union spokesman said the union members wouldhold out until their demands were met.

holdout n. When you refuse to compromise in a negotiation and accept anything less than your original demands, you are aholdout.

All the players have signed contracts except for twoholdouts.

Make up

make up & makes up making up made up made up

1. make... up p.v. When you invent a story to entertain or fool people, youmakethe storyup. When you invent a lie to deceive people, youmake the lieup.

My son asked me tomake up a story about monsters.

Hank told his boss he was late for work because he had to go to the doctor, but he just made that excuseup.

made-up part.adj. When a story is invented or fictional, it ismade-up.There's no truth to any of this — it's just amade-up story.

2. make up (of) p.v. [often passive] When people or thingsmake up a larger thing, they together form that larger thing. When a larger thing ismade up of people or things, they together form that larger thing.

Children under fifteenmake up 50 percent of the population.

An airplane ismade up of thousands of parts.

3. make... up p.v. When youmake up your mind,make up your mind about something, ormake up your mind about doing something, you decide which choice to make or which action to take.

/ like both the blue dress and the red dress. I can'tmake up my mind.

My daughter still hasn'tmade up her mind about which college to attend.

Marshamade her mindup about quitting her job and joining the Navy.

made up part.adj. After youmake up your mind ormake up your mind to do something, your mind ismade up.

Don't waste your time talking to Tom about it — his mind ismade up.

4. make... up p.v. When you have an amount of money that is not enough for a certain requirement and you add more money so that it will be enough, youmake upthe difference between the amount you have and the amount you need.

The cashier was supposed to have $755 at the end of her shift, but she had only $735, so she had tomake the shortageup with her own money.

I didn't have enough saved to pay for college, but my Uncle Fredmade upthe difference.

5. make... up p.v. When you do something that you were required to do earlier but did not, such as attend a class, take a test, or complete a homework assignment, you make itup.

Karen asked the teacher aboutmaking up the test that she missed.

The teacher told her she couldmake itup tomorrow after school.

6. make... up p.v. [the noun and adjectives derived from this verb are much more commonly used than the verb itself] When youmake yourselfup, you put lipstick, eye shadow, and so on, on your face.

Shemade herself up and went to the party.

make-up n. Make-up is cosmetics: lipstick, mascara, and soon. Heather's father thinks she wears too muchmake-up.

made-up part.adj. After people have put onmake-up, they aremade-up.

Did you see Lydia? She's really beautiful when she's allmade-up.

7. make up (with) p.v. When two peoplemake up ormake up with each other, they end an argument and resume friendly relations.

Sally and Jim had a big fight, but theymade up the next day. Mr. Baker said he won'tmake up with his wife until she apologizes.

1. stay out p.v. When youstay out, you do not return to your house.

Do you let your kidsstay out past 7:00?

Istayed out late last night, and I'm really exhausted.

2. stay out (of) p.v. When youstay out of a place, you do not go inside it.

Your father's busy cooking dinner, sostay out of the kitchen.

You can't come in here.Stay out!

3. stay out (of) p.v. When youstay out of a situation, such as an argument, fight, battle, or war, you do not get involved in it.

This fight doesn't involve you, sostay out.

Jake hasstayed out of trouble since he left prison.

Watch out

watch out & watches out watching out watched out watched out

1. watch out (for) p.v. When youwatch out orwatch out for something, you remain alert for someone or something that is dangerous or important. When you tell people towatch out orwatch out for something, you are warning them of possible danger. Watch out is the same aslook out.

Watch out when you're crossing a busy street.

Karen said she would meet us here at 12:00, sowatch out for her.

Watch out! There's a snake in the grass.

I dropped a glass in the kitchen, sowatch out for broken glass.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 791