EXERCISE 17a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. I waved to Jim when I saw him across the street, and he ________ ________ and talked to me.

2. This company has been ________________ since that idiot was made the manager.

3. Don't leave the newspaper where the dog can get it. He'll totally________ it

4. We need a lot of things from the supermarket. When are you _______ _________ town?

5. Jake told the boss I was drinking on the job, and I got fired, but I ________ ________ ________ Jake — I told his wife about his girlfriend.

6. During the American Revolution, the French fleet ________ ________ and helped the Americans fight the British.

7. The heels on my boots have ________ ________ badly, and I need to get them replaced.

8. Can you help me get hooked up to the Internet? I have no idea how to ________ ________it.

9. Don't spend a lot of money on baby clothes — she'll ________ ________ ________ them in a few weeks.

10. I need a new car. This piece of junk is ________ ________.

11. Sally asks her parents for a pony about a hundred times a day. She's trying to ________ them ________.

12. When his wife said she wanted a divorce, he just ________ ________.

13. If you're not busy tonight, would you like to ________ ________ and watch TV?

14. My four-year-old son thinks it's really funny to say bad words. I hope he ________ ________________it.

EXERCISE 17b — Rewrite these sentences and place the adverb in parentheses in two possible positions.

1. (frequently) Ms. Taylor comes over.
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2. (sometimes) These cheap toys fall apart.
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3. (nervously) He went about making the bomb.
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4. (eventually) Sally will grow out of her childish behavior
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5. (reluctantly) Jim headed into the swamp.
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6. (suddenly) Pat upped up Mike's letter.
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7. (soon) Frank will getback at Todd.
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8. (gradually) He wore down my resistance.
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EXERCISE 17c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and participle adjectives from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. The contract was torn into many small pieces. What was done to the contract?

2. In Question 1, how would you describe the contract?

3. Her plan is not working properly, and there's a lot of confusion. What is happening to her plan?

4. My friends visited me last night. What did my friends do last night?

5. Mike doesn't know anything about applying for a mortgage. What doesn't he know?

6. Tomorrow we're going to drive from the country to the city. What are we going to do tomorrow?

7. When Judy was a teenager, she was very shy, but she's not shy anymore. What did she do to her shyness?

8. The old lion's teeth are not as sharp or as long as they used to be.What has happened to them?

9. In Question 8, how would you describe the lion's teeth?

10. I did something bad to my brother, and now he has done something bad to me. What has my brother done to me?

11. The Vikings crossed the ocean before Columbus. What did the Vikings do before Columbus?

12. The teacher walked across the room and looked at your paper. What did the teacher do?

13. Jim became very sad and lost control when he heard that his brother had died. What did Jim do?

14. This sweater will be too small for my daughter soon.What will my daughter do to the sweater soon?

15. The pages are coming out of this old book. What is the book doing?

16. The police are pressuring the suspect to tell the truth. What are the police trying to do to the suspect?

EXERCISE 17d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. I don't know when the train to Boston leaves. I'll ask the ticket agent and ________ _________.

2. I don't like our neighbors, and they don't like me. We don't_______ _________.

3. Julia was nervous about bleaching her hair blond, and she decided not to ________ _______ _________it.

4. Sarah was nervous about bleaching her hair blond, and she ________ ________ ________it.

5. The ambassador will try to ________ ________ a meeting between the president and the rebel leader.

6. We have a really busy day planned, but I'd like to ________ ________ a visit to the museum.

7. If someone hits you, you have to________________.

8. I missed a week of work when I ______ ______ ______ German measles.

9. Having a mechanic fix my car will cost a lot of money, so I'll ________ ________ ________ it to see if I can fix it myself.

10. The owner of the construction company was ________ ________ thousands of dollars to the mayor.

11. Are you kidding? That's the most ridiculous thing I've ever _______ ________.

12. The country's economic problems are very complicated. Can you tell me what it _______ __________ _______?

13. I'm sorry I have to cancel our lunch date, but something very important has ________ ________, and I have to return to my office immediately.

14. After the car hit the telephone pole, the pole _____ _____ and crushed the car.

15. I was so angry at my boss that I told him I was going to quit, and he said,"________ ________, I don't care!"

18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and would

Can, could, will, and would are modal auxiliary verbs, often called models. Modals are very important in English, but they can be confusing because they are used to say many different things. Here is a basic review of can, could, will, and would and their most common uses.

Could is used as the past tense of can:

I can'tcome over tonight.

I couldn'tcome over last night.

Would is used as the past tense of will (the future use of will has already been discussed in Section 15) to talk about something that was future in the past:

/ didn't buy that nice coat for my son because I knew he would quickly grow out of it.

Would is used in place of will when repeating someone else's words:

She said she wouldget next Fridayoff.

Would is used as the past tense of will to talk about a repeated past action:

When I worked as a bank guard, I wouldstand around all day doing nothing.

Normally, can, could, will, and would have different uses, and it is important to use the correct one; however, in one special case — making requests — they can be used with very little difference in meaning:

Can youget off the couch?

Could youget off the couch ?

Will youget off the couch?

Would youget off the couch?

Can and could are used, with little difference in meaning, to ask for permission:

Can Ithink about it before I make a decision?

Could Ithink about it before I make a decision?

Can, could, will, and would are used in conditional sentences. Conditional means that a condition, usually stated in an if clause, must be satisfied for the main clause to be true. When the condition is something that is actually possible, the verb in the if clause is normally in the present tense. If the condition in the if clause is something that could not actually be true, the past tense form of the verb is used.

When the condition in the if clause is something that is actually possible, can is used in the main clause to discuss a real ability:

If I have a car, I cancome over.

When the condition in the if clause is something that is actually possible, will is used in the main clause to discuss a real willingness or intention:

If I have a car, I willcome over.

When the condition in the if clause is not something that is actually possible, could is used in the main clause to discuss an unreal or imaginary ability:

If I had a car, I couldcome over.

When the condition in the if clause is not something that is actually possible, would is used in the main clause to discuss an unreal or imaginary willingness or intention:

If I had a car, I wouldcome over.

Either the if clause or main clause can occur first in a sentence, with a slight change in punctuation:

If I had a car, I wouldcome over.I wouldcome over if I had a car.

1. breakthrough p.v. When you use force to go through a wall or other barrier, you break through it.

The thievesbroke through the wall of the jewelry store.

The attackers couldn'tbreak through the thick walls of the fort.

2. breakthrough p.v. When you cannot do something because of a problem and you find a way to solve or eliminate the problem, youbreakthrough.

After the problem of tissue rejection isbroken through, organ transplants will become more common.

It took three days of negotiation, but we finallybroke through the deadlock.

breakthrough n. An important discovery or development that solves or eliminates a problem that is preventing you from doing something is abreakthrough.

Dr. Wood announced an importantbreakthrough in the search for a cure for AIDS.

Figure on

figure on & figures on figuring on figured on figured on

1. figure on p.v. When youfigure on something, you expect it or plan for it.

/ didn'tfigure on such cold weather. I wish I'd brought a coat.

You canfigure on spending a least hundred bucks if you're going to that restaurant.

1. get off p.v. When youget off a bus, airplane, or train, you leave it.

The bus stopped and Igot off.

You can'tget off the train while it's moving.

2. get off p.v. When you are standing, lying, or sitting on something, such as a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, stage, platform, or piece of furniture, and you step down from it onto the ground, youget off it.

You're so lazy. Why don't youget off the couch and help me? Get off your bicycle and come inside.

3. get off p.v. When you are standing within an area of ground, or on something that covers an area of ground, and you move to the side of it and step off of it, you get off it.

The referee told the player toget off the field. You're standing on our beach blanket —get offit!

4. get... off p.v. When youget somethingoff, you remove it even though it may be difficult.

/ can'tget this paint off my hands. The top of this bottle is on so tight I cannotget itoff.

5. get... off p.v. When youget a certain period of timeoff, you are allowed by your employer to miss work during this period.

Pregnant women usuallyget three monthsoff with pay. Could Iget tomorrow morningoff to go to the doctor?

6. get off p.v. When youget off, orget off work, you finish that day's work and leave your place of employment.

Sally said she wouldn'tget off work until 6:00. I haven'tgotten off early all week.

7. get... off p.v. When you do something wrong but are not punished, or you are punished only lightly for it, youget off. Someone who helps you to avoid punishmentgets youoff.

He killed four people, but hegot off with only three years in jail. If his lawyer hadn't been so incompetent, he would have gotten him off with a lighter sentence.

8. get off p.v. When you stop talking on the telephone, youget off the telephone.

Get off the phone — I need to use it! It's late, we'd betterget off the phone.

1. go beyond p.v. When people or things are better or worse, or do something in a better or worse way than is normal or expected, theygo beyond what is normal or expected.

Did you say Jackson's new book is good? I think itgoes beyond good — it's fantastic! Sam's wife discovered that he wasn't just friends with his secretary; their relationship went waybeyond friendship.

Lift upon

lift up & lifts up lifting up lifted up lifted up

1. lift... up p.v. When youlift up something, you use your hands to raise it above the surface that it was on.

That rock is too heavy — I can'tlift itup. Lift up the cover and look in the box.

Line up

line up & lines up lining up lined up lined up

1. line... up p.v. When people or things form a row, theyline up. When you arrange people or things so that they form a row, youline themup.

Peoplelined up to buy Superbowl tickets. Timmy islining his toy carsup.

lined up part.adj. People or things that form a row arelined up.

People have beenlined up outside the box office for three days. The children arelined up for attendance.

2. line... up p.v. When somethinglines up with something else, or when youline up something with something else, it is positioned correctly in relation to something else.

If this bolt doesn'tline up with that hole, the lock won't work. The holes in part A have toline up with the holes in part B before you screw them together.

3. line... up p.v. When you arrange for someone or something to be available at a future activity or event, youline that thing or personup.

/ couldn'tline a clownup for Susie's birthday party. Who have theylined up for the show?

lined up part.adj. Someone or something that you have arranged to be available for a future activity or event islined up.

Don't worry about the show; everything islined up.

The singer islined up, but the band isn't.

lineup n. The people or things planned for an event are thelineup.

The network has planned quite alineup of entertainers for the half-time special. There's always a trapeze act in the circuslineup.

1. stand around p.v. When youstand around, you stand in a place wasting time and not doing anything useful.

/ have all this work to do, and you guys juststand around watching me. The manager told them to stopstanding around and get to work.

Tell apart

tell apart & tells apart telling apart told apart told apart

1. tell... apart p.v. When it is possible to see how two similar things are different, you cantell themapart.

The twins are identical; no one cantell themapart.All the puppies look the same, and I have a hard timetelling themapart.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 779