Semi-quantitative method for determining glucose and ketone bodies in urine using test strips.

In the urine of a healthy person glucose presents in very small quantities and conventional reactions used in the analysis of urine for sugar, cannot be detected. Phenomenon, when glucose is determined in the urine by conventional methods, called glucosuria. Glycosuria may be due to hyperglycemia and be associated with the violation of insular apparatus, hyperfunction of adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, as well as a one-time intake of large amounts of sugar. Ketone bodies appear in urine in diabetes, during starvation (ketonuria).

Test strips «DIA PHAN» are used for the rapid analysis of glucose and ketone bodies in urine. Pour a small amount of urine in the glass or the test tube. Test strip is dipped in analyzed urine as in order to fully moisten top and lower indicators. Immediately take it from the urine and wait 1 minute. By coincidence of the indicators color with the color scale determine the concentration of glucose and ketone bodies in urine approximately.

3.3. Detection of blood pigments in the urine by boiling with alkali (Geller’s test).

Hematuria is the emergence of blood cells in the urine. Urine during hematuria is painted in dark red or brownish-red color. Hemoglobinuria is the emergence of free hemoglobin in the urine as a result of intravascular hemolysis. In the case of hemoglobinuria urine has a ruby-red color; red blood cells in urine sediment are absent. During boiling with alkali blood pigments are hydrolyzed with the removal of hematin, which has a brown color. Under the influence of reducing urine substances gemohromogen painted in red is produced from hematin. Precipitate of alkaline metal phosphates formed in the urine in alkaline environment captures the hematin and gemohromogen and stained, respectively, in brown or red.

To 1 ml of urine add dropwise 10% sodium hydroxide solution until an alkaline reaction. Flocculent precipitate of calcium and magnesium phosphate is formed. Leave to cool the content of the test tube. Sediment of phosphates settles to the bottom colored in the presence of blood-colored pigment in brown (hematin) or red (gemohromogen). In normal urine sediment of phosphates has white or dirty-white color.

Test Questions

1. What physiological and pathological factors influence the shift of the pH of the urine to an acidic or alkaline side?

2. In which diseases does protein present in the urine?

3. In what pathologies are hematuria and hemoglobinuria observed?

4. Which states lead to the development of glycosuria?

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 769