The functions of the participle.

Study the following table and translate all the information:

Participle I	Participle II
1) Attribute
1) They admired a smiling child. (pre-position) 2) The child playing there is Jimmy’s son. (post-position)	1) He answered through the lockeddoor. 2) We couldn’t open the door locked by Mr. Ballisat.
2) Adverbial modifier of time
1) Writing the test, she was nervous. 2) Having written the test, she left the room.	1) When asked about it she couldn’t help smiling.
3) Adverbial modifier of cause
1) Beinga strong person, he was afraid of nothing. 2) Having been in that situation before, he knew what to do.	1) She went out, attracted by the noise.
4) Adverbial modifier of manner & attendant circumstances
1) She entered the room, lookingaround.	1) She entered the room, accompanied by the guests.
5) Adverbial modifier of comparison ( as if, as though)
1) He looked very nervous as if waiting for somebody.	1) She looked happy & detached as though lost in sweet dreams.
6) Adverbial modifier of condition ( if discovered, if found, if done...)
	1) It was a mysterious story & if discovered it would bring a lot of gossip.

7) Adverbial modifier of concession ( though)
	1) Her spirit though crushed wasn’t broken. 2) The book though lost wasn’t forgotten.

8) Predicative(after the verb to be!)
1) The news was exciting. 2) They are talking / were talking / will be talking / have been talking for 3 hours ...	1) The people were excited by the news.
9) Complex object
1) I saw her crossing the street. 2) We heard Tom talking of us.	1) We found allaround changed. 2) She had her hair done.
10) Compound verbal predicate
1) She was seen crossing the street. 2) Tom was heard talkingof us.
11) Parenthesis
1) Generally speaking, the idea is clear. 2) Judging by the facts, it wasn’t an ordinary story.

!Copy the table into your copy books and make up your own examples.

Ex1

a) State the function of the participle. Translate into Russian:

1) The girl sitting on the beach, watched the white, soft clouds floating across the sky. 2) The secretary couldn’t find the lost documents. 3) The cake cooked by mother was the tastiest! 4) The story told by Nick turned out unbelievable. 5) Leaving the room, Mary suddenly stopped and turned to Tom. 6) Having examined the patient, the doctor said he was all right.

7) When interviewed the actor felt excited. 8) Sister Polly went out called by her brother. 9) Being polite, he said nothing. 10) Having been at the factory before, he knew every detail. 11) The man rang the door bell waking up all the house. 12) She ran upstairs, making much noise.13) The foreigner came up straight to us followed by his interpreter. 14) The child looked very sad as if hurt by somebody. 15) They have never seen her looking so strange as though concealing something. 16) He behaved in a very unusual way as if having done something wrong. 17) Jim hid in a safe place but if found he would be brought home and beaten cruelly. 18) The offer though approved of wasn’t accepted. 19) What would you say if asked about it? 20) Her feelings though hurt weren’t destroyed. 21) What are you surprised at? 22) The scenery is amazing, isn’t it? 23) I’ve been waiting for you here for an hour already! Why are you late? 24) You’ve had your hair cut, haven’t you? 25) Having returned in three months, he found the house built. 26) Did you see Mary dancing? It’s so beautiful! 27) When you hear Tom singing you are sure to like it! 28) Something strange was seen flying in the sky. 29) Tell me, if I was noticed crying? 30) Generally speaking, it’s a crazy idea. 31) Judging by your work, you’ve made progress! 31) I want the work completed today!

b) Make up your own examples according to the given ones.

Ex2

Change attributive clauses by Participle I in the function of an attribute:

E.g.: All the people who live in this house are students.

All the people living in this house are students.

1) The man who is speaking now is our new secretary. 2) The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 3) The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school for laboratory workers. 4) People who take books from the library must return them in time. 5) There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities.

Ex3

Change the clauses by the participle. State the function:

E.g.: As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice.

Feeling more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice.

1) Since he knew who the man was, Paul was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 2) As he thought that it was his brother in the car, he decided to call him. 3) As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch at any moment, they felt their way about very carefully. 4) Since he needed a shelter for the night, Peter decided to go to the neighbours’ house. 5) The policeman came up to a man who was sleeping on the bench.

Ex4

Change the clauses by the participle. State the function:

E.g.: When you speak English, pay attention to the order of words.

Speaking English, pay attention to the order of words.

1) Suddenly the man who was speaking English looked at me. 2) When you leave the room, don’t forget to switch off the light. 3) When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't forget my instructions. 4) All admired the girl, who was singing on the stage. 5) Nobody listened to the man, who was telling anecdotes. 6) You must have much practice when you learn to speak a foreign language.

Ex5

Use the participle instead of the finite form of the verb:

E.g.: As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody.

Having been translated into Russian, the book could be read by everybody.

1) As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily. 2) As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 3) As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it. 4) When she was getting off the bus, she came across her old friend. 5) When I was going home yesterday, I kept thinking about my friend. 6) He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 7) She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 1928

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